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Research papers, Victoria University of Wellington

In the aftermath of the 2011 earthquake, a state of polycentric urbanity was thrust upon New Zealand’s second largest city. As the city-centre lay in disrepair, smaller centres started to materialise elsewhere, out of necessity. Transforming former urban peripheries and within existing suburbs into a collective, dispersed alternative to the city centre, these sub-centres prompted a range of morphological, socio-cultural and political transformations, and begged multiple questions: how to imbue these new sub-centres with gravity? How to render them a genuine alternative to the CBD? How do they operate within the wider city? How to cope with the physical and cultural transformations of this shifting urbanscape and prevent them occurring ad lib? Indeed, the success and functioning of the larger urban structure hinges upon a critical, informed response to these sub-centre urban contexts. Yet, with an unrelenting focus on the CBD rebuild - effectively a polycentric denial - little such attention has been granted.  Taking this urban condition as its premise and its provocation, this thesis investigates architecture’s role in the emergent sub-centre. It asks: what can architecture do in these urban contexts; how can architecture act upon the emergent sub-centre in a critical, catalytic fashion? Identifying this volatile condition as both an opportunity for architectural experimentation and a need for critical architectural engagement, this thesis seeks to explore the sub-centre (as an idea and actual urban context) as architecture’s project: its raison d’etre, impetus and aspiration.  These inquiries are tested through design-led research: an initial design question provoking further, broader discursive research (and indeed, seeking broader implications). The first section is a site-specific, design for Sumner, Christchurch. Titled ‘An Agora Anew’; this project - both in conception and outcome - is a speculative response to a specific sub-centre condition. The second section ‘The Sub-centre as Architecture’s Project’ explores the ideas provoked by the design project within a discursive framework. Firstly it identifies the sub-centre as a context in desperate need of architectural attention (why architecture?); secondly, it negotiates a possible agenda for architecture in this context through terms of engagement that are formal, critical and opportunistic (how architecture?): enabling it to take a position on and in the sub-centre. Lastly, a critical exegesis positions the design in regards to the broader discursive debate: critiquing it an architectural project predicated upon the idea of the sub-centre.  The implications of this design-led thesis are twofold: firstly, for architecture’s role in the sub-centre (especially to Christchurch); secondly for the possibilities of architecture’s productive engagement with the city (largely through architectural form), more generally. In a century where radical, new urban contexts (of which the sub-centre is just one) are commonplace, this type of thinking – what can architecture do in the city? - is imperative.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Gaby Montejo's Milk Fight - a dairy-fuelled urban food fight, which was part of FESTA 2014. Milk Fight was held on the former Convention Centre site at 100 Peterborough Street.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Gaby Montejo's Milk Fight - a dairy-fuelled urban food fight, which was part of FESTA 2014. Milk Fight was held on the former Convention Centre site at 100 Peterborough Street.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Gaby Montejo's Milk Fight - a dairy-fuelled urban food fight, which was part of FESTA 2014. Milk Fight was held on the former Convention Centre site at 100 Peterborough Street.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Gaby Montejo's Milk Fight - a dairy-fuelled urban food fight, which was part of FESTA 2014. Milk Fight was held on the former Convention Centre site at 100 Peterborough Street.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Gaby Montejo's Milk Fight - a dairy-fuelled urban food fight, which was part of FESTA 2014. Milk Fight was held on the former Convention Centre site at 100 Peterborough Street.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Gaby Montejo's Milk Fight - a dairy-fuelled urban food fight, which was part of FESTA 2014. Milk Fight was held on the former Convention Centre site at 100 Peterborough Street.

Research Papers, Lincoln University

The scale of damage from a series of earthquakes across Christchurch Otautahi in 2010 and 2011 challenged all networks in the city at a time when many individuals and communities were under severe economic pressure. Historically, Maori have drawn on traditional institutions such as whanau, marae, hapu and iwi in their endurance of past crises. This paper presents research in progress to describe how these Maori-centric networks supported both Maori and non-Maori through massive urban dislocation. Resilience to any disaster can be explained by configurations of economic, social and cultural factors. Knowing what has contributed to Maori resilience is fundamental to the strategic enhancement of future urban communities - Maori and non-Maori.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of artist Gaby Montejo (right) and volunteers preparing for Milk Fight - a dairy-fuelled urban food fight which was part of FESTA 2014. Milk Fight was held on the former Convention Centre site at 100 Peterborough Street.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Netta Egoz stirring a bathtub of milk before Gaby Montejo's Milk Fight event. This dairy-fuelled urban food fight was part of FESTA 2014, and was held on the former Convention Centre site at 100 Peterborough Street.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of participants armed with waterguns before the start of Gaby Montejo's Milk Fight - a dairy-fuelled urban food fight, which was part of FESTA 2014. Milk Fight was held on the former Convention Centre site at 100 Peterborough Street.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a trailer, customised with milk 'teats' for Gaby Montejo's Milk Fight. Milk Fight was a dairy-fuelled urban food fight, which was part of FESTA 2014. It was held at the former Convention Centre site at 100 Peterborough Street

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Nick Sargent collecting details from participants before Milk Fight - a dairy-fuelled urban food fight by Gaby Montejo. The event was part of FESTA 2014. Milk Fight was held on the former Convention Centre site at 100 Peterborough Street.

Research Papers, Lincoln University

Successful urban regeneration projects generate benefits that are realised over a much longer timeframe than normal market developments and benefits well beyond those that can be uplifted by a market developer. Consequently there is substantial evidence in the literature that successful place-making and urban regeneration projects are usually public-private partnerships and involve a funder, usually local or central government, willing to contribute ‘patient’ capital. Following the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes that devastated the centre of Christchurch, there was an urgent need to rebuild and revitalise the heart of the city, and increasing the number of people living in or near the city centre was seen as a key ingredient of that. In October 2010, an international competition was launched to design and build an Urban Village, a project intended to stimulate renewed residential development in the city. The competition attracted 58 entrants from around world, and in October 2013 the winning team was chosen from four finalists. However the team failed to secure sufficient finance, and in November 2015 the Government announced that the development would not proceed. The Government was unwilling or unable to recognise that an insistence on a pure market approach would not deliver the innovative sustainable village asked for in the competition brief, and failed to factor in the opportunity cost to government, local government, local businesses and the wider Christchurch community of delaying by many years the residential development of the eastern side of the city. As a result, the early vision of the vitality that a thriving residential neighbourhood would bring to the city has not yet been realised.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Melanie Oliver (Director, The Physics Room), addressing participants and spectators at Gaby Montejo's Milk Fight. This dairy-fuelled urban food fight was part of FESTA 2014, and was held on the former Convention Centre site at 100 Peterborough Street.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of participants signing in at the registration table for Milk Fight - a dairy-fuelled urban food fight by local artist Gaby Montego. The event was part of FESTA 2014. Milk Fight was held on the former Convention Centre site at 100 Peterborough Street.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of local artist Gaby Montejo in a cow onesie before his Milk Fight event. Milk Fight was a dairy-fuelled urban food fight, which was part of FESTA 2014. It was held on the former Convention Centre site at 100 Peterborough Street.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of local artist Gaby Montejo in a cow onesie before his Milk Fight event. Milk Fight was a dairy-fuelled urban food fight, which was part of FESTA 2014. It was held on the former Convention Centre site at 100 Peterborough Street.

Research Papers, Lincoln University

The scale of damage from a series of earthquakes across Christchurch Otautahi in 2010 and 2011 challenged all networks in the city at a time when many individuals and communities were under severe economic pressure. Historically, Maori have drawn on traditional institutions such as whanau, marae, hapu and iwi in their endurance of past crises. This paper presents research in progress to describe how these Maori-centric networks supported both Maori and non-Maori through massive urban dislocation. Resilience to any disaster can be explained by configurations of economic, social and cultural factors. Knowing what has contributed to Maori resilience is fundamental to the strategic enhancement of future urban communities - Maori and non-Maori.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

Research in the governance of urban tourist spaces is characterized by a lack of argumentative inquiry and scant use of critical theory. This is evident, particularly, in the study of tourism and post-disaster urban recovery, with very few contributions assessing the phenomenon from a social theory perspective. This thesis examines the complex phenomenon of planning and governance for urban tourism spaces in contexts facing physical recovery from natural disasters. It does so by looking at the governance dynamics and the mechanism of decision- making put in place before and after triggering events like earthquakes and tsunamis. This thesis provides evidence from Christchurch, New Zealand, by focusing on the policies and strategies for the regeneration of the city centre put in place before and after the disruptive earthquakes of 2010 and 2011. The thesis looks at power relations, structures and ideologies through a Lukesian appraisal of pre-and-post disaster governance from two relevant urban tourist spaces located in the Christchurch central city area: the Arts Centre of Christchurch and the Town Hall and Performing Arts Precinct. The research strategy adopted for the study combined archival research, interviews with key stakeholders and fieldwork notes over a period of two years. The research deployed a comparative case study methodology that focuses on projects taking place within a spatially defined area of the city centre where special legislation was enacted as result of the earthquakes. The findings from the interviews and their triangulation with documents retrieved from national and local authorities suggest that the earthquakes affected the engagement among stakeholders and the mechanisms of decision-making. Also, the findings show patterns of disaster capitalism in post-earthquake governance for urban tourist spaces in the Christchurch CBD, with episodes of exclusion, lobbying and amendment of rules and legislation that directly benefited the interests of a narrow group of privileged stakeholders. Overall, the study shows that the earthquakes of 2010 and 2011 accelerated neoliberal practices of site development in Christchurch, with the seismic events used as a pretext to implement market-oriented site projects in the CBD area.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Ryan Reynolds (left) and a participant in Milk Fight, before the start of the event. Milk Fight was a dairy-fuelled urban food fight by local artist Gaby Montejo. The event was part of FESTA 2014.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Milk Fight participants Hera Hjartardottir, Audrey Baldwin and Brie Sherow, before the start of the event. Milk Fight was a dairy-fuelled urban food fight by local artist Gaby Montejo. The event was part of FESTA 2014.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of local artist Gaby Montejo in a cow onesie. Montejo is drinking from a large tank of milk before his Milk Fight event. Milk Fight was a dairy-fuelled urban food fight, which was part of FESTA 2014.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of local artist Gaby Montejo in a cow onesie. Montejo is drinking from a large tank of milk before his Milk Fight event. Milk Fight was a dairy-fuelled urban food fight, which was part of FESTA 2014.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of local artist Gaby Montejo in a cow onesie. Montejo is bending over a large tank of milk before his Milk Fight event. Milk Fight was a dairy-fuelled urban food fight, which was part of FESTA 2014.

Audio, Radio New Zealand

Urban forager and food writer, Liv Sisson finds all sorts of tasty treats in the Otautahi city centre.With some of the housing and buildings destroyed in the earthquakes, a rewilding has taken place providing a range of edible plants. Liv Sisson gathers produce thriving on berms and near the Avon River.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

"Lifelines in Earthquakes: Wellington Case Study was the topic of CAE's first major project, which was carried out in 1990/91. Lifelines are those services vital to the running of day-to-day life and include water, gas, electricity, telecommunications and transportation networks. The aim of the project was to assess the vulnerability of these lifelines, identify mitigation measures and raise awareness amongst lifeline managers. Although the project focused on Wellington, the findings are applicable to all urban centres within New Zealand and ongoing study groups have been established in Wellington and Christchurch since the project's completion."