Aftermath of September 4th Earthquake in Canterbury NZ. Bridge Street, South Brighton, Christchurch.
Aftermath of September 4th Earthquake in Canterbury NZ. Bridge Street, South Brighton, Christchurch.
Aftermath of September 4th Earthquake in Canterbury (area covers Christchurch City) NZ. Damage to bridge on Spencerville Road crossing the Lower Styx river.
A car drives across the damaged Dallington bridge. The bridge has visibly moved relative to the road, leaving a large gap, which road cones have been placed in. The photographer comments, "Service pipes snapped as the land sank but the bridge remained".
A car drives across the damaged Dallington bridge. The bridge has visibly moved relative to the road, leaving a large gap, which road cones have been placed in. The photographer comments, "Service pipes snapped as the land sank but the bridge remained".
A vehicle drives onto the damaged Dallington bridge. The land has slumped relative to the bridge, leaving the approach road at a steep incline. The photographer comments, "Dallington Bridge northern approach, Gayhurst Rd".
A car drives onto the damaged Dallington bridge. The bridge has visibly moved relative to the road, there is a large gap at the side of the bridge, and the railings are warped.
A vehicle drives onto the damaged Dallington bridge. The land has slumped relative to the bridge, leaving the approach road at a steep incline. The photographer comments, "Dallington Bridge northern approach, Gayhurst Rd".
A car drives onto the damaged Dallington bridge. The bridge has visibly moved relative to the road, there is a large gap at the side of the bridge, and the railings are warped. The photographer comments, "Dallington Bridge northern approach, Gayhurst Rd".
A car drives onto the damaged Dallington bridge. The bridge has visibly moved relative to the road, there is a large gap at the side of the bridge, and the railings are warped. The photographer comments, "Dallington Bridge northern approach, Gayhurst Rd".
A man takes a photograph of the damaged Dallington bridge. The bridge has visibly moved relative to the road, there is a large gap at the side of the bridge, and the railings are warped. The photographer comments, "Dallington Bridge, north side".
A car drives onto the damaged Dallington bridge. The bridge has visibly moved relative to the road, there is a large gap at the side of the bridge, and the railings are warped. The photographer comments, "Dallington Bridge, north side".
Damage to River Road in Richmond. The road surface is badly cracked and slumped, and liquefaction silt covers part of the road. Two people in gumboots walk towards a barrier erected across the road using road cones and warning tape, and in the background the badly twisted Medway Street bridge can be seen. The photographer comments, "Longitudinal cracks indicate lateral movement as the land sagged towards the river. Near 373 River Rd, looking south-east towards Medway St. The Medway St bridge is visible in the background".
The greater Wellington region, New Zealand, is highly vulnerable to large earthquakes. While attention has been paid to the consequences of earthquake damage to road, electricity and water supply networks, the consequences of wastewater network damage for public health, environmental health and habitability of homes remain largely unknown for Wellington City. The Canterbury and Kaikōura earthquakes have highlighted the vulnerability of sewerage systems to disruption during a disaster. Management of human waste is one of the critical components of disaster planning to reduce faecal-oral transmission of disease and exposure to disease-bearing vectors. In Canterbury and Kaikōura, emergency sanitation involved a combination of Port-a-loos, chemical toilets and backyard long-drops. While many lessons may be learned from experiences in Canterbury earthquakes, it is important to note that isolation is likely to be a much greater factor for Wellington households, compared to Christchurch, due to the potential for widespread landslides in hill suburbs affecting road access. This in turn implies that human waste may have to be managed onsite, as options such as chemical toilets and Port-a-loos rely completely on road access for delivering chemicals and collecting waste. While some progress has been made on options such as emergency composting toilets, significant knowledge gaps remain on how to safely manage waste onsite. In order to bridge these gaps, laboratory tests will be conducted through the second half of 2019 to assess the pathogen die-off rates in the composting toilet system with variables being the type of carbon bulking material and the addition of a Bokashi composting activator.