Damaged retail stores on Cashel Street.
In the last two decades, the retail sector has experienced unprecedented upheaval, having severe implications for economic development and sustenance of traditional inner-city retail districts. In the city of Christchurch, New Zealand, this effect has been exacerbated by a series of earthquakes in 2010/2011 which destroyed much of the traditional retail precinct of the city. After extensive rebuild activity of the city’s infrastructure, the momentum of retailers returning to the inner city was initially sluggish but eventually gathered speed supported by increased international visitation. In early 2020, the return to retail normality came to an abrupt halt after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses spending and transaction data to analyze the compounding impact of the earthquake’s aftermath, shift to online shopping, and the retail disruption in the Christchurch central retail precinct because of COVID-19. The findings illustrate how consumers through their spending respond to different types of external shocks, altering their consumption patterns and retail mode (offline and online) to cope with an ever-changing retail landscape. Each event triggers different spending patterns that have some similarities but also stark differences, having implications for a sustainable and resilient retail industry in Christchurch. Implications for urban retail precinct development are also discussed.
A photograph of retail shops in colourful shipping containers at Re:START Mall.
A photograph of retail shops in colourful shipping containers at Re:START Mall.
The city of Christchurch, New Zealand, incurred significant damage due to a series of earthquakes in 2010 and 2011. The city had, by the late 2010s, regained economic and social normalcy after a sustained period of rebuilding and economic recovery. Through the concerted rebuilding effort, a modern central business district (CBD) with redesigned infrastructure and amenities was developed. The Christchurch rebuild was underpinned by a commitment of urban planners to an open and connected city, including the use of innovative technologies to gather, use and share data. As was the case elsewhere, the COVID-19 pandemic brought about significant disruptions to social and economic life in Christchurch. Border closures, lockdowns, trading limitations and other restrictions on movement led to changes in traditional consumer behaviors and affected the retail sector’s resilience. In this study, we used CBD pedestrian traffic data gathered from various locations to predict changes in retail spending and identify recovery implications through the lens of retail resilience. We found that the COVID-19 pandemic and its related lockdowns have driven a substantive change in the behavioral patterns of city users. The implications for resilient retail, sustainable policy and further research are explored.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Shands Emporium, 88 Hereford Street. Shands Emporium is one of the oldest retail buildings in Christchurch, but is now very fragile".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Cashel Mall".
Colourful containers in Re:Start Mall.
A photograph of portaloos at the Village Grape in Sumner.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "A digger working on the remains of Gough House with the fragile remains of the wooden heritage building, Shands Emporium (one of Christchurch's oldest retail buildings), still standing on Hereford Street".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The digger is working on the remains of Gough House, with the fragile remains of the wooden heritage building Shands Emporium (one of Christchurch's oldest retail buildings) still standing on Hereford Street".
Damage to retail buildings on High Street. Shops shown include Burgers & Beers, as well as boutique clothing stores Embassy and Plush. All are cordoned off for safety. A collapsed ceiling is visible through the windows above Burgers & Beers.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Building the Re:START container shops in Cashel Mall".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Building the Re:START container shops in Cashel Mall".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Building the Re:START container shops in Cashel Mall".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Building the Re:START container shops in Cashel Mall".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Building the Re:START container shops in Cashel Mall".
A photograph of the exterior of the Village Grape, a wine shop constructed in a shipping container in Sumner.
A photograph of the interior of the Village Grape. The wine bar area has been set up in a marquee.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Building the Re:START container shops in Cashel Mall".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Building the Re:START container shops in Cashel Mall".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Building the Re:START container shops in Cashel Mall".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Building the Re:START container shops in Cashel Mall".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Building the Re:START container shops in Cashel Mall".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Building the Re:START container shops in Cashel Mall".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Building the Re:START container shops in Cashel Mall".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Building the Re:START container shops in Cashel Mall".
An aerial photograph of the Re:Start mall.
An aerial photograph of a residential area in New Brighton, with the New Brighton Mall and the pier in the distance.
A photograph of people gathered at Re:START mall for an architecture tour by Anton Tritt of the Buchan Group. The event was part of FESTA 2012.