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An entry from Ruth Gardner's blog for 24 May 2012 entitled, "Peculiar Pipes".
An earthquake memories story from Murray White, Site Trades Supervisor, Burwood Hospital, titled, "Pipes fractured in numerous places".
An entry from Ruth Gardner's blog for 27 June 2012 entitled, "Permanent Pipes".
Oxford Terrace Baptist Church on the corner of Madras St and Oxford Terrace, and alongside the Central City Fire Station on Kilmore St. The organ pipes have been saved and safely removed into safe keeping by the South Island Organ Company.
A map showing the status of wastewater pipes across Christchurch.
An incomplete map showing the status of wastewater pipes across Christchurch.
Frances Adank is in St Albans where there are ruptured pipes and collapsed chimneys.
One interactive model which demonstrates how different types of pipes perform in an earthquake.
Awaiting demolition. Blue pipes are water supply to anyone still living on Hulverstone Drive.
A photograph of pipes lifted out of the ground at a petrol station in New Brighton.
Pipes lead into a shipping container. The photographer comments, "In Christchurch containers are so very versatile: They are used as barricades, supports, homes, shops, art galleries, artworks, Malls, pubs and bars, Thai takeaways and now sewage works".
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Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "City Care workers repair broken water pipes on Matipo Street, probably caused by the morning's earthquake".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Christchurch Earthquake. Earthquake damage to Spencerville and Brooklands and cleanup. Temporary drainage pipes line Heyders road".
A pothole in a road surface, showing tyre marks where a vehicle has driven through the hole. The photographer comments, "After the earthquake in Christchurch in February 2011 burst underground pipes and liquefaction caused unseen hollows under the road surfaces. Occasionally after all the rest have been exposed by traffic someone would find 'discover' a new one".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Earthquake evidence: underground pipes from the Maori Dam were beyond repair and have been dug up and replaced".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Quake damage to farms near the quake centre at Greendale. Murray Rowlands from Federated Farmers with damaged water pipes".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Workers from Calcon repair burst water pipes at the corner of Avonside Drive and Linwood Avenue after Saturday's earthquake".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Workers from Calcon repair burst water pipes at the corner of Avonside Drive and Linwood Avenue after Saturday's earthquake".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Workers from Calcon repair burst water pipes at the corner of Avonside Drive and Linwood Avenue after Saturday's earthquake".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Workers from Calcon repair burst water pipes at the corner of Avonside Drive and Linwood Avenue after Saturday's earthquake".
The Earthquake Recovery Minister has revealed the rebuild of Christchurch's damaged sewage and water pipes will be quite a bit more expensive than predicted.
A water tank outside a New World supermarket providing residents with clean water. The earthquake caused major damage to sewer pipes and pump stations in and around Christchurch.
The agency in charge of fixing earthquake damaged pipes and roads in Christchurch was last night issued an excessive noise notice after keeping residents awake in the early hours.
A photograph of a kitchen in the Diabetes Centre. The panelling has been removed from the wall of the kitchen, exposing the wooden frame and several pipes and wires.
A photograph of a kitchen in the Diabetes Centre. The panelling has been removed from the wall of the kitchen, exposing the wooden frame and several pipes and wires.
A photograph of the wooden frame of a wall in the Diabetes Centre. The panelling has been removed from the wall, exposing the frame and several pipes and wires underneath.
None
This thesis documents the development and demonstration of an assessment method for analysing earthquake-related damage to concrete waste water gravity pipes in Christchurch, New Zealand, following the 2010-2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (CES). The method is intended to be internationally adaptable to assist territorial local authorities with improving lifelines infrastructure disaster impact assessment and improvements in resilience. This is achieved through the provision of high-resolution, localised damage data, which demonstrate earthquake impacts along the pipe length. The insights gained will assist decision making and the prioritisation of resources following earthquake events to quickly and efficiently restore network function and reduce community impacts. The method involved obtaining a selection of 55 reinforced concrete gravity waste water pipes with available Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) inspection footage filmed before and after the CES. The pipes were assessed by reviewing the recordings, and damage was mapped to the nearest metre along the pipe length using Geographic Information Systems. An established, systematic coding process was used for reporting the nature and severity of the observed damage, and to differentiate between pre-existing and new damage resulting from the CES. The damage items were overlaid with geospatial data such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-derived ground deformation data, Liquefaction Resistance Index data and seismic ground motion data (Peak Ground acceleration and Peak Ground Velocity) to identify potential relationships between these parameters and pipe performance. Initial assessment outcomes for the pipe selection revealed that main pipe joints and lateral connections were more vulnerable than the pipe body during a seismic event. Smaller diameter pipes may also be more vulnerable than larger pipes during a seismic event. Obvious differential ground movement resulted in increased local damage observations in many cases, however this was not obvious for all pipes. Pipes with older installation ages exhibited more overall damage prior to a seismic event, which is likely attributable to increased chemical and biological deterioration. However, no evidence was found relating pipe age to performance during a seismic event. No evidence was found linking levels of pre-CES damage in a pipe with subsequent seismic performance, and seismic performance with liquefaction resistance or magnitude of seismic ground motion. The results reported are of limited application due to the small demonstration sample size, but reveal the additional level of detail and insight possible using the method presented in this thesis over existing assessment methods, especially in relation to high resolution variations along the length of the pipe such as localised ground deformations evidenced by LiDAR. The results may be improved by studying a larger and more diverse sample pool, automating data collection and input processes in order to improve efficiency and consider additional input such as pipe dip and cumulative damage over a large distance. The method is dependent on comprehensive and accurate pre-event CCTV assessments and LIDAR data so that post-event data could be compared. It is proposed that local territorial authorities should prioritise acquiring this information as a first important step towards improving the seismic resilience of a gravity waste water pipe network.
This thesis documents the development and demonstration of an assessment method for analysing earthquake-related damage to concrete waste water gravity pipes in Christchurch, New Zealand, following the 2010-2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (CES). The method is intended to be internationally adaptable to assist territorial local authorities with improving lifelines infrastructure disaster impact assessment and improvements in resilience. This is achieved through the provision of high-resolution, localised damage data, which demonstrate earthquake impacts along the pipe length. The insights gained will assist decision making and the prioritisation of resources following earthquake events to quickly and efficiently restore network function and reduce community impacts. The method involved obtaining a selection of 55 reinforced concrete gravity waste water pipes with available Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) inspection footage filmed before and after the CES. The pipes were assessed by reviewing the recordings, and damage was mapped to the nearest metre along the pipe length using Geographic Information Systems. An established, systematic coding process was used for reporting the nature and severity of the observed damage, and to differentiate between pre-existing and new damage resulting from the CES. The damage items were overlaid with geospatial data such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-derived ground deformation data, Liquefaction Resistance Index data and seismic ground motion data (Peak Ground acceleration and Peak Ground Velocity) to identify potential relationships between these parameters and pipe performance. Initial assessment outcomes for the pipe selection revealed that main pipe joints and lateral connections were more vulnerable than the pipe body during a seismic event. Smaller diameter pipes may also be more vulnerable than larger pipes during a seismic event. Obvious differential ground movement resulted in increased local damage observations in many cases, however this was not obvious for all pipes. Pipes with older installation ages exhibited more overall damage prior to a seismic event, which is likely attributable to increased chemical and biological deterioration. However, no evidence was found relating pipe age to performance during a seismic event. No evidence was found linking levels of pre-CES damage in a pipe with subsequent seismic performance, and seismic performance with liquefaction resistance or magnitude of seismic ground motion. The results reported are of limited application due to the small demonstration sample size, but reveal the additional level of detail and insight possible using the method presented in this thesis over existing assessment methods, especially in relation to high resolution variations along the length of the pipe such as localised ground deformations evidenced by LiDAR. The results may be improved by studying a larger and more diverse sample pool, automating data collection and input processes in order to improve efficiency and consider additional input such as pipe dip and cumulative damage over a large distance. The method is dependent on comprehensive and accurate pre-event CCTV assessments and LIDAR data so that post-event data could be compared. It is proposed that local territorial authorities should prioritise acquiring this information as a first important step towards improving the seismic resilience of a gravity waste water pipe network.