File reference: CCL-2012-02-22-IMG_1190 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries.
File reference: CCL-2012-02-22-IMG_1186 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries.
Memorial design in the West has been explored in depth (Stevens and Franck, 2016; Williams, 2007), and for landscape architects it presents opportunities and challenges. However, there is little in the English language literature about memorial design in China. How have Chinese designers responded to the commemorative settings of war and disaster? This study will adopt the method of case study to analyse two of the most representative memorials in China: Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall (war) and Tangshan Earthquake Memorial Hall (disaster). Both landscapes have undergone three or four renovations and extensions in the last four decades, demonstrating the practical effects of the Chinese landscape theory. These examples of responses to trauma through memorial landscape interventions are testimonies to the witnesses, victims, abusers, ordinary people, youth and the place where the tragedy took place. This study will explore the reconstruction and expansion of the two memorials under the background of China's policies on memorial landscapes in different periods, as well as their functions of each stage. The research will examine how existing Chinese memorial theories exhibit unique responses at different times in response to the sadness and needs experienced by different users. Key Words:memorial landscape; memorial language; victims; descriptive; architecture; experence; disaster; memorial hall; landscape development; Chinese memorial; war.
A photograph of the crowds at the National Memorial for the victims of the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The service was held in Hagley Park on 18 March 2011.
A photograph of people travelling to the National Memorial Service for the victims of the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The service was held on 18 March 2011 in Hagley Park.
A photograph of people travelling to the National Memorial Service for the victims of the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The service was held on 18 March 2011 in Hagley Park.
A photograph of people travelling to the National Memorial Service for the victims of the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The service was held on 18 March 2011 in Hagley Park.
A photograph of people travelling to the National Memorial Service for the victims of the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The service was held on 18 March 2011 in Hagley Park.
A man playing the bagpipes at the Christchurch Earthquake Memorial Service. The service was held in Hagley Park on 18 March 2011.
A photograph of crowds in Latimer Square. The photograph is captioned by Paul Corliss, "Second anniversary 22 February earthquake".
A photograph of crowds in Latimer Square. The photograph is captioned by Paul Corliss, "Second anniversary 22 February earthquake".
A photograph of crowds in Latimer Square. The photograph is captioned by Paul Corliss, "Second anniversary 22 February earthquake".
A photograph of a laminated poem. The photograph is captioned by Paul Corliss, "CTV site, Madras Street".
A photograph of a laminated obituary notice. The photograph is captioned by Paul Corliss, "CTV site, Madras Street".
A photograph of a laminated poster of images of CTV staff who died on 22 February 2011. The photograph is captioned by Paul Corliss, "CTV site, Madras Street".
A photograph of a laminated obituary notice. The photograph is captioned by Paul Corliss, "CTV site, Madras Street".
Photos taken in Lyttelton following the February 22 earthquake. File ref: CCL-2011-03-05-After-The-Earthquake-P1110609 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries
A photograph of a bow tied around a tree on Hagley Park as part of the National Memorial Service for the victims of the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The service was held on 18 March 2011.
A photograph of a bow tied around a tree on Hagley Park as part of the National Memorial Service for the victims of the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The service was held on 18 March 2011.
A photograph of a bow tied around a tree on Hagley Park as part of the National Memorial Service for the victims of the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The service was held on 18 March 2011.
A photograph of a banner reading, "Rise Up Christchurch", flying above the Christchurch Earthquake Memorial Service in Hagley Park.
Crowds at the Christchurch Earthquake Memorial Service. More than 40,000 people attended the memorial service in Hagley Park on 18 March 2011.
Crowds at the Christchurch Earthquake Memorial Service. More than 40,000 people attended the memorial service in Hagley Park on 18 March 2011.
Flowers float down the Avon River during the River of Flowers memorial event. In the background, residents and workers look on. The photographer comments, "One year on, Riverside residents gather for a 2 minute silence and to cast flowers in the river. Riverside residents met at the Medway St bridge to commemorate the anniversary of the 22/2/11 quake".
A man with a megaphone talks to gathered residents at the River of Flowers memorial event. The photographer comments, "One year on, Riverside residents gather for a 2 minute silence and to cast flowers in the river. Riverside residents met at the Medway St bridge to commemorate the anniversary of the 22/2/11 quake".
Children at the River of Flowers memorial event. The photographer comments, "One year on, Riverside residents gather for a 2 minute silence and to cast flowers in the river. Riverside residents met at the Medway St bridge to commemorate the anniversary of the 22/2/11 quake".
A minister uses a megaphone to talk to gathered residents at the River of Flowers memorial event. The photographer comments, "One year on, Riverside residents gather for a 2 minute silence and to cast flowers in the river. Riverside residents met at the Medway St bridge to commemorate the anniversary of the 22/2/11 quake".
Workers on the opposite side of the river stop for the River of Flowers memorial event. The photographer comments, "One year on, Riverside residents gather for a 2 minute silence and to cast flowers in the river. Riverside residents met at the Medway St bridge to commemorate the anniversary of the 22/2/11 quake".
A minister uses a megaphone to talk to gathered residents at the River of Flowers memorial event. The photographer comments, "One year on, Riverside residents gather for a 2 minute silence and to cast flowers in the river. Riverside residents met at the Medway St bridge to commemorate the anniversary of the 22/2/11 quake".
Residents and workers observe a two-minute silence at the River of Flowers memorial event. The photographer comments, "One year on, Riverside residents gather for a 2 minute silence and to cast flowers in the river. Riverside residents met at the Medway St bridge to commemorate the anniversary of the 22/2/11 quake".