A photograph looking east down Bedford Row. There is a pile of gravel on the left and the road has been fenced off.
A photograph looking east down Bedford Row. There is a pile of gravel on the left and the road has been fenced off.
A photograph of cracks in the driveway of a residential property in Christchurch. Planks of wood have been placed over one of the cracks and another has been filled with gravel.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "164-170 Hereford Street with the tell-tale gravel spread on the roadway signalling imminent demolition".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "164-170 Hereford Street with the tell-tale gravel spread on the roadway signalling imminent demolition".
A photograph of earthquake damage to a road in Christchurch. A hole has been filled with gravel, and a road cone placed on top. In the background, cracks and liquefaction can be seen.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Community House, 141 Hereford Street. Note the pile of gravel ready to be spread prior to demolishing the building".
A dramatic consequence of the Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes of 2010 and 2011 was the widespread liquefaction in the city. Part of the central business district (CBD) was badly affected by liquefaction but elsewhere large volumes of ejecta were not evident for those parts of the CBD where the upper layers in the soil profile are sandy gravel and gravelly sand. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the effect of the gravel permeability on the rise and dissipation of excess pore water pressure during cyclic loading of a soil profile idealised from Christchurch data. The Cyclic1D software, which performs one-dimensional non-linear effective stress site response analysis, was used. Permeability values associated with gravel were found to suppress the cyclic accumulation of excess pore water pressure in gravel layers. Given that there has not been any systematic measurement of the in situ permeability of the gravels in Christchurch, the modelling in the paper suggests that likely values for the bulk permeability of the gravel layers are within the range suggested in the geotechnical literature. However, the work reported is of wider application than Christchurch and emphasises the controlling influence of permeability on the accumulation and dissipation of cyclic pore pressures. VoR - Version of Record
A digger laying gravel on a road in Avonside.
Cracks along a gravel path in the Botanic Gardens.
Cracks along a gravel path in the Botanic Gardens.
A photograph of flooding on a residential street in Christchurch. Large piles of gravel have been placed along the street with cordon fences in front of them. Road cones can be seen in the foreground.
A photograph of gravel flood banks constructed along the Avon River.
A photograph of a pile of gravel on Woodham Road near the intersection with Kerrs Road. In the distance, road cones have been placed on the road near the intersection and a car is parked on the wrong side of the road.
A photograph of the gravel flood banks erected along the Avon River.
A truck laying gravel on Lichfield Street in preparation for a building demolition.
A truck laying gravel on Lichfield Street in preparation for a building demolition.
A photograph of piles of dirt and gravel outside the ASB Stadium in Wigram.
A damaged road surface filled in with gravel. In the background is a cemetery.
A view down Charles Street in Kaiapoi. Sections of the footpath are covered with gravel.
A photograph of the gravel flood banks built on the banks of the Avon River.
A photograph of the gravel flood banks built on the banks of the Avon River.
A photograph of the gravel flood banks built on the banks of the Avon River.
A volunteers digging gravel on the site of Gap Filler's Community Chess Board in Sydenham
A photograph of the gravel flood banks built on the banks of the Avon River.
A photograph of the gravel flood banks built on the banks of the Avon River.
A photograph of an office on the side of a Christchurch road. "Danger keep out" has been spray-painted on the front wall. The road in front has been dug up in places and piles of gravel have been placed on the footpath. Road cones and cordon tape have been used to cordon off a large hole in the road.
A photograph of piles of gravel and building rubble behind a cleared site on Barbadoes Street.
A photograph of road works on a residential street in Christchurch. Two workers in high-visibility vests can be seen, one setting up road cones. A digger is sitting on a pile of dug up gravel and earth. Cordon fences have been placed around the site. In the distance, a dump truck can be seen.
Sandbags laid along the banks of the Avon River, prior to building up the banks with gravel.