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Images, eqnz.chch.2010

This shop lost its gable during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The huge tremor shook the masonry gable off this apartment block in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The gable disappeared off the roof of this church following the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The huge tremor shook the masonry gable off this apartment block in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Masonry gable of the Christchurch School of Music broke off during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Falling gable of the Anglican Community of the Sacred Name building left a gaping hole in the roof in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on 4 September 2010. The chimney would have toppled as well had it not been braced.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The Christchurch School of Music on Barbadoes Street lost its brick gables in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A view of the intersection of Hereford Street and Cambridge Terrace. The end gable of the Library Chambers has crumbled, and the area has been cordoned off with fencing and cones. In the background is the Christchurch City Council's Civic Offices.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A view of the Cranmer Court building on the corner of Kilmore and Montreal Streets, showing damage from the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Masonry has fallen away from the apexes of several of the building's gables, which have been reinforced with timber bracing. A green cord has been used to tie bracing to the octagonal section on the corner of the building. This corner section is the part that housed Plato Creative from March 2008 to November 2009.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

Seismic behaviour of typical unreinforced masonry (URM) brick houses, that were common in early last century in New Zealand and still common in many developing countries, is experimentally investigated at University of Canterbury, New Zealand in this research. A one halfscale model URM house is constructed and tested under earthquake ground motions on a shaking table. The model structure with aspect ratio of 1.5:1 in plan was initially tested in the longitudinal direction for several earthquakes with peak ground acceleration (PGA) up to 0.5g. Toppling of end gables (above the eaves line) and minor to moderate cracking around window and door piers was observed in this phase. The structure was then rotated 90º and tested in the transverse (short) direction for ground motions with PGA up to 0.8g. Partial out-of-plane failure of the face loaded walls in the second storey and global rocking of the model was observed in this phase. A finite element analysis and a mechanism analysis are conducted to assess the dynamic properties and lateral strength of the model house. Seismic fragility function of URM houses is developed based on the experimental results. Damping at different phases of the response is estimated using an amplitude dependent equivalent viscous damping model. Financial risk of similar URM houses is then estimated in term of expected annual loss (EAL) following a probabilistic financial risk assessment framework. Risks posed by different levels of damage and by earthquakes of different frequencies are then examined.