A photograph of a structure in the estuary.
A photograph of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of the Heathcote-Avon Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction in the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of cracks in the ground at the Avon Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of the Heathcote-Avon Estuary. A sign warns of contaminated water due to sewage overflows.
A photograph of the Heathcote-Avon Estuary. A sign warns of contaminated water due to sewage overflows.
A photograph of Sumner and the Avon-Heathcote estuary taken prior to the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Shag Rock is visible near the centre of the photograph.
A photograph of Sumner and the Avon-Heathcote estuary taken prior to the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Shag Rock is visible near the centre of the photograph.
A photograph of Sumner beach and the Avon-Heathcote estuary taken prior to the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Shag Rock is visible at the left of the photograph.
A photograph of Sumner beach and the Avon-Heathcote estuary taken prior to the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Shag Rock is visible to the left of the photograph.
Among the deformation features produced in Christchurch by the September 4th Darfield Earthquake were numerous and widespread “sand volcanoes”. Most of these structures occurred in urban settings and “erupted” through a hardened surface of concrete or tarseal, or soil. Sand volcanoes were also widespread in the Avon‐ Heathcote Estuary and offered an excellent opportunity to readily examine shallow subsurface profiles and as such the potential appearance of such structures in the rock record.