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Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photographs of the Brick Art unveiling, Greening the Rubble, on the former Asko site - corner of Victoria and Salisbury Streets, Christchurch 8 February 2011. From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries CCL-Brickart-2011-IMG_2496

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photographs of the Brick Art unveiling, Greening the Rubble, on the former Asko site - corner of Victoria and Salisbury Streets, Christchurch 8 February 2011. From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries CCL-Brickart-2011-IMG_2493

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photographs of the Brick Art unveiling, Greening the Rubble, on the former Asko site - corner of Victoria and Salisbury Streets, Christchurch 8 February 2011. From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries CCL-Brickart-2011-IMG_2494

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photographs of the Brick Art unveiling, Greening the Rubble, on the former Asko site - corner of Victoria and Salisbury Streets, Christchurch 8 February 2011. From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries CCL-Brickart-2011-IMG_2495

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken at the Lyttelton Community briefing held on March 7 2011 following the magnitude 6.3 earthquake on 22 February 2011. File Ref: CCL-2011-03-07-Lyttelton-Community-Briefing-P1110625 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken at the Lyttelton Community briefing held on March 7 2011 following the magnitude 6.3 earthquake on 22 February 2011. File Ref: CCL-2011-03-07-Lyttelton-Community-Briefing-P1110621 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken at the Lyttelton Community briefing held on March 7 2011 following the magnitude 6.3 earthquake on 22 February 2011. File Ref: CCL-2011-03-07-Lyttelton-Community-Briefing-P1110619 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken at the Lyttelton Community briefing held on March 7 2011 following the magnitude 6.3 earthquake on 22 February 2011. File Ref: CCL-2011-03-07-Lyttelton-Community-Briefing-P1110620 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries.

Research Papers, Lincoln University

Tree mortality is a fundamental process governing forest dynamics, but understanding tree mortality patterns is challenging because large, long-term datasets are required. Describing size-specific mortality patterns can be especially difficult, due to few trees in larger size classes. We used permanent plot data from Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (mountain beech) forest on the eastern slopes of the Southern Alps, New Zealand, where the fates of trees on 250 plots of 0.04 ha were followed, to examine: (1) patterns of size-specific mortality over three consecutive periods spanning 30 years, each characterised by different disturbance, and (2) the strength and direction of neighbourhood crowding effects on sizespecific mortality rates. We found that the size-specific mortality function was U-shaped over the 30-year period as well as within two shorter periods characterised by small-scale pinhole beetle and windthrow disturbance. During a third period, characterised by earthquake disturbance, tree mortality was less size dependent. Small trees (,20 cm in diameter) were more likely to die, in all three periods, if surrounded by a high basal area of larger neighbours, suggesting that sizeasymmetric competition for light was a major cause of mortality. In contrast, large trees ($20 cm in diameter) were more likely to die in the first period if they had few neighbours, indicating that positive crowding effects were sometimes important for survival of large trees. Overall our results suggest that temporal variability in size-specific mortality patterns, and positive interactions between large trees, may sometimes need to be incorporated into models of forest dynamics.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph submitted by Gaynor James to the QuakeStories website. The description reads, "DTZ building going, 20 July 2011. A small crowd watches the demolition …There is an eerie silence- no excited buzz – people watching yet another part of their history turning into rubble. The wrecking ball, delicately positioned, drops and is followed by the cracking and rending of floor after floor and the debris tumbles down … It starts to clear and an extraordinary sight greets us. Hundreds and hundreds of sheets of paper drift down like giant confetti.".