Central City Tour, 4 April 2011 - Photograph 02

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. Brick cladding is badly cracked and buckled, and some bricks have fallen. The photographer comments, "Brick walls still clinging on".

Central City Tour, 4 April 2011 - Photograph 03

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. Brick cladding is badly cracked and buckled, and some bricks have fallen. There is a large gap between the floor and the foundations. The photographer comments, "Brick walls still clinging on".

Central City Tour, 4 April 2011 - Photograph 04

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. Brick cladding is badly cracked and buckled, and some bricks have fallen. There is a large gap between the floor and the foundations. The photographer comments, "Brick walls still clinging on".

22 February Earthquake - Photograph 15

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. The brick wall is badly cracked and twisted, and some bricks have fallen, exposing the lining paper below. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd. Bricks are skewed and pulled in several directions".

June 2011 Earthquake - Photograph 14

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. Bricks have fallen from the walls onto the driveway. The photographer comments, "More movement caused the brick cladding to fall off the building".

22 February Earthquake - Photograph 18

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Detail of damage to a house in Richmond. A double-brick wall has collapsed. A wire loop which formerly tied the two layers of bricks together has pulled out from one of the layers, showing how the two parts of the wall moved apart during the shaking. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd and recovery work around Richmond and St Albans. The remaining double brick by the back door has been further smashed and twisted".

22 February Earthquake - Photograph 14

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. The brick wall is badly cracked and twisted, and some bricks have fallen, exposing the lining paper below. The driveway is cracked and covered in liquefaction. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd. More shaking damage on the east wall of the living room at our house".

Canterbury Earthquake September 2010 - Photograph 12

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. Part of the brick wall has slumped to one side, leaving visible gaps between the wall and the roof, and between the wall and a windowframe. The photographer comments, "Cracking in the external brickwork".

June 2011 Earthquake - Photograph 13

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. A large crack runs through a brick wall.

22 February Earthquake - Photograph 25

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. The brick wall is badly cracked and twisted, and some bricks have fallen, exposing the lining paper and framing below. The driveway is cracked and covered in liquefaction. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd and recovery work around Richmond and St Albans. Does that wall look straight to you?

Canterbury Earthquake September 2010 - Photograph 26

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. Part of a brick wall has slumped, leaving a large gap between the wall and a window frame. The photographer comments, "Sunroom window frame".

22 February Earthquake - Photograph 21

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. The brick wall is badly cracked and twisted, and some bricks have fallen, exposing the lining paper and framing below. The driveway is cracked and covered in liquefaction. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd and recovery work around Richmond and St Albans. More shaking damage on the east wall of the living room at our house".

22 February Earthquake - Photograph 23

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Two people examine damage to a house in Richmond. The brick wall is badly cracked and twisted, and some bricks have fallen, exposing the lining paper and framing below. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd and recovery work around Richmond and St Albans. The near wall is leaning at an alarming angle. I didn't like walking past it".

June 2011 Earthquake - Photograph 15

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. Bricks have fallen from the walls onto the driveway, and a large gap between the concrete foundation and the wooden framing shows how much the house has moved. The photographer comments, "The foundations and brick cladding moved, but the timber wall remained in position. The gap grew to over 400mm by the time the house was demolished.

22 February Earthquake - Photograph 20

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. The brick wall is badly cracked and twisted, and some bricks have fallen, exposing the lining paper and framing below. The driveway is cracked and covered in liquefaction. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd and recovery work around Richmond and St Albans. More shaking damage on the east wall of the living room at our house".

Canterbury Earthquake September 2010 - Photograph 32

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. Part of the brick wall is visibly out of alignment, leaving large gaps at the corner of the house. The photographer comments, "Dining room exterior wall".

June 2011 Earthquake - Photograph 02

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. Bricks have fallen from the walls, exposing the wooden framing beneath.

Central City Tour, 4 April 2011 - Photograph 29

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to the Music Centre of Christchurch. Leadlight windows are warped and broken, and bricks have fallen from the wall.

22 February Earthquake - Photograph 22

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. The brick wall is badly cracked and twisted, and some bricks have fallen, exposing the lining paper and framing below. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd and recovery work around Richmond and St Albans. I think it's broken".

Canterbury Earthquake September 2010 - Photograph 35

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. A large crack runs diagonally through a brick wall. The photographer comments, "More cracked brickwork".

Canterbury Earthquake September 2010 - Photograph 13

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. Part of the brick wall has slumped to one side, leaving a visible gap between the wall and a windowframe. Broken wooden framing can be seen in the gap. The photographer comments, "Cracking in the external brickwork".

Canterbury Earthquake September 2010 - Photograph 24

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. Bricks have fallen from a wall, exposing the wooden framing beneath. The photographer comments, "The foundation and a section of the wall of the dining room have shifted and cracked. The dining room floor is very springy".

June 2011 Earthquake - Photograph 01

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Flooding and liquefaction surround a house in Richmond. Bricks have fallen from the walls of the house, exposing the wooden framework beneath.

22 February Earthquake - Photograph 16

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a residential property in Richmond. The brick wall of the garage has collapse inward, and the roof fallen in on top of it. The driveway is badly cracked and buckled. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd. The brick garage just collapsed, pulling the gate over as it fell".

Canterbury Earthquake September 2010 - Photograph 25

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. Bricks have fallen from a wall, and there is a visible gap between the foundation and the surrounding ground. The photographer comments, "The foundation and a section of the wall of the dining room have shifted and cracked. The dining room floor is very springy".

Canterbury Earthquake September 2010 - Photograph 03

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Internal damage to a house in Richmond. A large crack in wallboard has exposed the bricks behind. The photographer comments, "Cracks in the wall of the sunroom".

Central City Tour, 4 April 2011 - Photograph 15

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to Englefield Lodge on Fitzgerald Avenue. A pile of bricks lies in front of the house, windows are boarded up, and wooden bracing is propping up the walls. A spray-painted message on a wall reads "We will try to save this house." The photographer comments, "A bike ride around the CBD. Englefield, Christchurch's oldest house, in Fitzgerald Ave".

22 February Earthquake - Photograph 24

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Detail of damage to a house in Richmond. The brick wall is badly cracked and twisted. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd and recovery work around Richmond and St Albans. More ruptured brickwork".

Performance of adhesive wall-to-diaphragm connections in the Canterbury ea…

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

The connections between walls of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings and flexible timber diaphragms are critical building components that must perform adequately before desirable earthquake response of URM buildings may be achieved. Field observations made during the initial reconnaissance and the subsequent damage surveys of clay brick URM buildings following the 2010/2011 Canterbury, New Zealand earthquakes revealed numerous cases where anchor connections joining masonry walls or parapets with roof or floor diaphragms appeared to have failed prematurely. These observations were more frequent for the case of adhesive anchor connections than for the case of through-bolt connections (i.e. anchorages having plates on the exterior façade of the masonry walls). Subsequently, an in-field test program was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate the performance of adhesive anchor connections between unreinforced clay brick URM walls and roof or floor diaphragm. The study consisted of a total of almost 400 anchor tests conducted in eleven existing URM buildings located in Christchurch, Whanganui and Auckland. Specific objectives of the study included the identification of failure modes of adhesive anchors in existing URM walls and the influence of the following variables on anchor load-displacement response: adhesive type, strength of the masonry materials (brick and mortar), anchor embedment depth, anchor rod diameter, overburden level, anchor rod type, quality of installation and the use of metal foil sleeve. In addition, the comparative performance of bent anchors (installed at an angle of minimum 22.5o to the perpendicular projection from the wall surface) and anchors positioned horizontally was investigated. Observations on the performance of wall-to-diaphragm connections in the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes and a snapshot of the performed experimental program and the test results are presented herein. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/21050

Canterbury Earthquake September 2010 - Photograph 11

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. A large crack runs through brickwork under a window, and one side of the wall has visibly slumped, leaving a gap between the bricks and the window frame. The photographer comments, "Cracking in the external brickwork".