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Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

Soil Liquefaction during Recent Large-Scale Earthquakes contains selected papers presented at the New Zealand – Japan Workshop on Soil Liquefaction during Recent Large-Scale Earthquakes (Auckland, New Zealand, 2-3 December 2013). The 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquakes in New Zealand and the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake in Japan have caused significant damage to many residential houses due to varying degrees of soil liquefaction over a very wide extent of urban areas unseen in past destructive earthquakes. While soil liquefaction occurred in naturally-sedimented soil formations in Christchurch, most of the areas which liquefied in Tokyo Bay area were reclaimed soil and artificial fill deposits, thus providing researchers with a wide range of soil deposits to characterize soil and site response to large-scale earthquake shaking. Although these earthquakes in New Zealand and Japan caused extensive damage to life and property, they also serve as an opportunity to understand better the response of soil and building foundations to such large-scale earthquake shaking. With the wealth of information obtained in the aftermath of both earthquakes, information-sharing and knowledge-exchange are vital in arriving at liquefaction-proof urban areas in both countries. Data regarding the observed damage to residential houses as well as the lessons learnt are essential for the rebuilding efforts in the coming years and in mitigating buildings located in regions with high liquefaction potential. As part of the MBIE-JSPS collaborative research programme, the Geomechanics Group of the University of Auckland and the Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory of the University of Tokyo co-hosted the workshop to bring together researchers to review the findings and observations from recent large-scale earthquakes related to soil liquefaction and discuss possible measures to mitigate future damage. http://librarysearch.auckland.ac.nz/UOA2_A:Combined_Local:uoa_alma21151785130002091

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

The connections between walls of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings and flexible timber diaphragms are critical building components that must perform adequately before desirable earthquake response of URM buildings may be achieved. Field observations made during the initial reconnaissance and the subsequent damage surveys of clay brick URM buildings following the 2010/2011 Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquakes revealed numerous cases where anchor connections joining masonry walls or parapets with roof or floor diaphragms appeared to have failed prematurely. These observations were more frequent for adhesive anchor connections than for through-bolt connections (i.e., anchorages having plates on the exterior facade of the masonry walls). Subsequently, an in-field test program was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate the performance of adhesive anchor connections between unreinforced clay brick URM walls and roof or floor diaphragm. The study consisted of a total of almost 400 anchor tests conducted in eleven existing URM buildings located in Christchurch, Whanganui and Auckland. Specific objectives of the study included the identification of failure modes of adhesive anchors in existing URM walls and the influence of the following variables on anchor load-displacement response: adhesive type, strength of the masonry materials (brick and mortar), anchor embedment depth, anchor rod diameter, overburden level, anchor rod type, quality of installation, and the use of metal mesh sleeves. In addition, the comparative performance of bent anchors (installed at an angle of minimum 22.5° to the perpendicular projection from the wall surface) and anchors positioned horizontally was investigated. Observations on the performance of wall-to-diaphragm connections in the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes, a summary of the performed experimental program and test results, and a proposed pull-out capacity relationship for adhesive anchors installed into multi-leaf clay brick masonry are presented herein. AM - Accepted Manuscript

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

New Zealand has a long tradition of using light timber frame for construction of its domestic dwellings. After the most recent earthquakes (e.g. Canterbury earthquakes sequence), wooden residential houses showed satisfactory life safety performance. However, poor performance was reported in terms of their seismic resilience. Although numerous innovative methods to mitigate damage have been introduced to the New Zealand community in order to improve wooden house performance, these retrofit options have not been readily taken up. The low number of retrofitted wooden-framed houses leads to questions about whether homeowners are aware of the necessity of seismic retrofitting their houses to achieve a satisfactory seismic performance. This study aims to explore different retrofit technologies that can be applied to wooden-framed houses in Wellington, taking into account the need of homeowners to understand the risk, likelihood and extent of damage expected after an event. A survey will be conducted in Wellington about perceptions of homeowners towards the expected performance of their wooden-framed houses. The survey questions were designed to gain an understanding of homeowners' levels of safety and awareness of possible damage after a seismic event. Afterwards, a structural review of a sample of the houses will be undertaken to identify common features and detail potential seismic concerns. The findings will break down barriers to making improvements in the performance of wooden-framed houses and lead to enhancements in the confidence of homeowners in the event of future seismic activity. This will result in increased understanding and contribute towards an accessible knowledge base, which will possibly increase significantly the use of these technologies and avoid unnecessary economic and social costs after a seismic event.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of an installation of blue tarpaulin flags on the Worcester Street bridge. The installation, titled Eye of the Storm, was created for Canterbury Tales by students from the School of Design at the University of Technology Sydney. Canterbury Tales was a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of an installation of blue tarpaulin flags on the Worcester Street bridge. The installation, titled Eye of the Storm/em>, was created for Canterbury Tales by students from the School of Design at the University of Technology Sydney. Canterbury Tales was a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of students from the School of Design at the University of Technology Sydney constructing Eye of the Storm out of blue tarpaulin flags. The flags were strung across Worcester Street bridge for Canterbury Tales - a carnivalesque procession which was the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of an installation of blue tarpaulin flags on the Worcester Street bridge. The installation, titled Eye of the Storm, was created for Canterbury Tales by students from the School of Design at the University of Technology Sydney. Canterbury Tales was a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of an installation of blue tarpaulin flags on the Worcester Street bridge. The installation, titled Eye of the Storm, was created for Canterbury Tales by students from the School of Design at the University of Technology Sydney. Canterbury Tales was a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of an installation of blue tarpaulin flags on the Worcester Street bridge. The installation, titled Eye of the Storm, was created for Canterbury Tales by students from the School of Design at the University of Technology Sydney. Canterbury Tales was a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of an installation of blue tarpaulin flags on the Worcester Street bridge. The installation, titled Eye of the Storm, was created for Canterbury Tales by students from the School of Design at the University of Technology Sydney. Canterbury Tales was a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of an installation of blue tarpaulin flags on the Worcester Street bridge. The installation, titled Eye of the Storm, was created for Canterbury Tales by students from the School of Design at the University of Technology Sydney. Canterbury Tales was a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of students from the School of Design at the University of Technology Sydney constructing Eye of the Storm out of blue tarpaulin flags. The flags were strung across Worcester Street bridge for Canterbury Tales - a carnivalesque procession which was the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of an installation titled Eye of the Storm being created on Worcester Street bridge by students from the School of Design at the University of Technology Sydney. The installation was part of Canterbury Tales - a carnivalesque procession which was the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of people looking at an installation of tarpaulin flags strung across the Worcester Street bridge. The installation, titled Eye of the Storm/em>, was created for Canterbury Tales by students from the School of Design at the University of Technology Sydney. Canterbury Tales was a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of an installation of blue tarpaulin flags on the Worcester Street bridge. The installation, titled Eye of the Storm/em>, was created for Canterbury Tales by students from the School of Design at the University of Technology Sydney. Canterbury Tales was a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of an installation of blue tarpaulin flags on the Worcester Street bridge. The installation, titled Eye of the Storm/em>, was created for Canterbury Tales by students from the School of Design at the University of Technology Sydney. Canterbury Tales was a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of an installation of blue tarpaulin flags on the Worcester Street bridge. The installation, titled Eye of the Storm/em>, was created for Canterbury Tales by students from the School of Design at the University of Technology Sydney. Canterbury Tales was a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of an installation of blue tarpaulin flags on the Worcester Street bridge. The installation, titled Eye of the Storm/em>, was created for Canterbury Tales by students from the School of Design at the University of Technology Sydney. Canterbury Tales was a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.