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Images for Spreydon; more images...

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0466 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0475 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0465 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0472 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0471 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0476 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0473 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0464 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0474 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0467 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0463 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0469 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0468 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0470 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Hannah Dunlop, Youth Recovery Project Coordinator at New Zealand Red Cross, taking part in #FiveYearsOn. New Zealand Red Cross was an All Right? Champion. Dunlop holds a sign which reads, "Five years on, I feel... Inspired by - People, Growth, Innovation, Determination. Hannah, Spreydon".

Articles, UC QuakeStudies

A PDF copy of a notice of motion to the Spreydon-Heathcote Community Board on 21 October 2011 regarding hydraulic fracturing (fracking) in the Canterbury region. The speaker requested that the community board "go further than this motion as a board and call on the council, to call for a moratorium on fracking around Canterbury until a full independent review has taken place from PCE".

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

We examined changes in psychological distress experienced by residents of Christchurch following two catastrophic earthquakes in late 2010 and early 2011, using data from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study (NZAVS), a national probability panel study of New Zealand adults. Analyses focused on the 267 participants (172 women, 95 men) who were living in central Christchurch in 2009 (i.e., before the Christchurch earthquakes), and who also provided complete responses to our yearly panel questionnaire conducted in late 2010 (largely between the two major earthquakes), late 2011, and late 2012. Levels of psychological distress were similar across the different regions of central Christchurch immediately following the September 2010 earthquake, and remained comparable across regions in 2011. By late 2012, however, average levels of psychological distress in the regions had diverged as a function of the amount of property damage experienced within each given region. Specifically, participants in the least damaged region (i.e., the Fendalton-Waimairi and Riccarton-Wigram wards) experienced greater drops in psychological distress than did those in the moderately damaged region (i.e., across the Spreydon-Heathcote and Hagley- Ferrymead wards). However, the level of psychological distress reported by participants in the most damaged region (i.e., across Shirley-Papanui and Burwood-Pegasus) were not significantly different to those in the least damaged region of central Christchurch. These findings suggest that different patterns of psychological recovery emerged across the different regions of Christchurch, with the moderately damaged region faring the worst, but only after the initial shock of the destruction had passed.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

This report provides an initial overview and gap analysis of the multi-hazards interactions that might affect fluvial and pluvial flooding (FPF) hazard in the Ōpāwaho Heathcote catchment. As per the terms of reference, this report focuses on a one-way analysis of the potential effects of multi-hazards on FPF hazard, as opposed to a more complex multi-way analysis of interactions between all hazards. We examined the relationship between FPF hazard and hazards associated with the phenomena of tsunamis; coastal erosion; coastal inundation; groundwater; earthquakes; and mass movements. Tsunamis: Modelling research indicates the worst-case tsunami scenarios potentially affecting the Ōpāwaho Heathcote catchment are far field. Under low probability, high impact tsunami scenarios waves could travel into Pegasus Bay and the Avon-Heathcote Estuary Ihutai, reaching the mouth and lower reaches of the Heathcote catchment and river, potentially inundating and eroding shorelines in sub-catchments 1 to 5, and temporarily blocking fluvial drainage more extensively. Any flooding infrastructure or management actions implemented in the area of tsunami inundation would ideally be resilient to tsunami-induced inundation and erosion. Model results currently available are a first estimate of potential tsunami inundation under contemporary sea and land level conditions. In terms of future large tsunami events, these models likely underestimate effects in riverside sub-catchments, as well as effects under future sea level, shoreline and other conditions. Also of significance when considering different FPF management structures, it is important to be mindful that certain types of flood structures can ‘trap’ inundating water coming from ocean directions, leading to longer flood durations and salinization issues. Coastal erosion: Model predictions indicate that sub-catchments 1 to 3 could potentially be affected by coastal erosion by the timescale of 2065, with sub-catchments 1-6 predicted to be potentially affected by coastal erosion by the time scale of 2115. In addition, the predicted open coast effects of this hazard should not be ignored since any significant changes in the New Brighton Spit open coast would affect erosion rates and exposure of the landward estuary margins, including the shorelines of the Ōpāwaho Heathcote catchment. Any FPF flooding infrastructure or management activities planned for the potentially affected sub-catchments needs to recognise the possibility of coastal erosion, and to have a planned response to the predicted potential shoreline translation. Coastal inundation: Model predictions indicate coastal inundation hazards could potentially affect sub-catchments 1 to 8 by 2065, with a greater area and depth of inundation possible for these same sub-catchments by 2115. Low-lying areas of the Ōpāwaho Heathcote catchment and river channel that discharge into the estuary are highly vulnerable to coastal inundation since elevated ocean and estuary water levels can block the drainage of inland systems, compounding FPF hazards. Coastal inundation can overwhelm stormwater and other drainage network components, and render river dredging options ineffective at best, flood enhancing at worst. A distinction can be made between coastal inundation and coastal erosion in terms of the potential impacts on affected land and assets, including flood infrastructure, and the implications for acceptance, adaptation, mitigation, and/or modification options. That is, responding to inundation could include structural and/or building elevation solutions, since unlike erosion, inundation does not necessarily mean the loss of land. Groundwater: Groundwater levels are of significant but variable concern when examining flooding hazards and management options in the Ōpāwaho Heathcote catchment due to variability in soils, topographies, elevations and proximities to riverine and estuarine surface waterbodies. Much of the Canterbury Plains part of the Ōpāwaho Heathcote catchment has a water table that is at a median depth of <1m from the surface (with actual depth below surface varying seasonally, inter-annually and during extreme meteorological events), though the water table depth rapidly shifts to >6m below the surface in the upper Plains part of the catchment (sub-catchments 13 to 15). Parts of Waltham/Linwood (sub-catchments 5 & 6) and Spreydon (sub-catchment 10) have extensive areas with a particularly high water table, as do sub-catchments 18, 19 and 20 south of the river. In all of the sub-catchments where groundwater depth below surface is shallow, it is necessary to be mindful of cascading effects on liquefaction hazard during earthquake events, including earthquake-induced drainage network and stormwater infrastructure damage. In turn, subsidence induced by liquefaction and other earthquake processes during the CES directly affected groundwater depth below surface across large parts of the central Ōpāwaho Heathcote catchment. The estuary margin of the catchment also faces increasing future challenges with sea level rise, which has the potential to elevate groundwater levels in these areas, compounding existing liquefaction and other earthquake associated multi-hazards. Any increases in subsurface runoff due to drainage system, development or climate changes are also of concern for the loess covered hill slopes due to the potential to enhance mass movement hazards. Earthquakes: Earthquake associated vertical ground displacement and liquefaction have historically affected, or are in future predicted to affect, all Ōpāwaho Heathcote sub-catchments. During the CES, these phenomena induced a significant cascades of changes in the city’s drainage systems, including: extensive vertical displacement and liquefaction induced damage to stormwater ‘greyware’, reducing functionality of the stormwater system; damage to the wastewater system which temporarily lowered groundwater levels and increased stormwater drainage via the wastewater network on the one hand, creating a pollution multi-hazard for FPF on the other hand; liquefaction and vertical displacement induced river channel changes affected drainage capacities; subsidence induced losses in soakage and infiltration capacities; changes occurred in topographic drainage conductivity; estuary subsidence (mainly around the Ōtākaro Avon rivermouth) increased both FPF and coastal inundation hazards; estuary bed uplift (severe around the Ōpāwaho Heathcote margins), reduced tidal prisms and increased bed friction, producing an overall reduction the waterbody’s capacity to efficiently flush catchment floodwaters to sea; and changes in estuarine and riverine ecosystems. All such possible effects need to be considered when evaluating present and future capacities of the Ōpāwaho Heathcote catchment FPF management systems. These phenomena are particularly of concern in the Ōpāwaho Heathcote catchment since stormwater networks must deal with constraints imposed by stream and river channels (past and present), estuarine shorelines and complex hill topography. Mass movements: Mass movements are primarily a risk in the Port Hills areas of the Ōpāwaho Heathcote catchment (sub-catchments 1, 2, 7, 9, 11, 16, 21), though there are one or two small but susceptible areas on the banks of the Ōpāwaho Heathcote River. Mass movements in the form of rockfalls and debris flows occurred on the Port Hills during the CES, resulting in building damage, fatalities and evacuations. Evidence has also been found of earthquake-triggered tunnel gully collapsesin all Port Hill Valleys. Follow-on effects of these mass movements are likely to occur in major future FPF and other hazard events. Of note, elevated groundwater levels, coastal inundation, earthquakes (including liquefaction and other effects), and mass movement exhibit the most extensive levels of multi-hazard interaction with FPF hazard. Further, all of the analysed multi-hazard interactions except earthquakes were found to consistently produce increases in the FPF hazard. The implications of these analyses are that multihazard interactions generally enhance the FPF hazard in the Ōpāwaho Heathcote catchment. Hence, management plans which exclude adjustments for multi-hazard interactions are likely to underestimate the FPF hazard in numerous different ways. In conclusion, although only a one-way analysis of the potential effects of selected multi-hazards on FPF hazard, this review highlights that the Ōpāwaho Heathcote catchment is an inherently multi- hazard prone environment. The implications of the interactions and process linkages revealed in this report are that several significant multi-hazard influences and process interactions must be taken into account in order to design a resilient FPF hazard management strategy.