New Zealand's strict building codes are being praised for minimising the injuries and damage caused by the seven-point one magnitude earthquake that shook Canterbury on Saturday.
Earthquake prone buildings in Christchurch are to be strengthened to new, higher standards. The new code was passed at an extraordinary council meeting today.
A photograph of USAR codes spray painted on the window of a building in the Christchurch central city.
Damage to the Caxton Press building (left) and the adjoining building. In front is a pile of bricks, cordonned off with tape and road cones to keep the public away. Spray-painted codes show that the buildings have been checked by USAR.
Damage to the front entrance of the Knox Church. The building has been spray-painted with USAR codes. In the background is a row of damaged buildings where the front walls have fallen onto the footpath.
Damage to the front entrance of the Knox Church. The building has been spray-painted with USAR codes indicating it has been checked.
The facade of the building housing the Daily Bagel and the Covent Fruit Centre has fallen away, leaving the building unstable and dangerous. The front wall has toppled onto the footpath leaving a pile of bricks. The front windows of this and surrounding buildings have been spray-painted with USAR codes 'No Go' and the times they were checked.
A photograph of the Burgers and Beer Inc building on High Street behind wire fencing. USAR codes have been spray-painted on the glass window.
Strong aftershocks felt in Canterbury, Quake firms to seek government wage subsidy, More services, access to buildings being restored in Christchurch, Minister for Earthquake Recovery discusses plans, Heavy rain causes flooding and road closures in Lower North Island, Building codes minimised quake's injuries and damage, Glass supply freezes as Christchurch companies clean up.
A photograph of USAR codes spra-painted on the front doors of Dick Smith on Manchester Street. A yellow sticker on the door indicates that access to the building is restricted.
A photograph of USAR codes spray painted on the front doors of the Grumpy Mole Saloon on Cashel Street. A green sticker indicates that the building has been inspected and is safe to enter.
A photograph of the former City Council Civic Offers at 194-196 Manchester Street. USAR codes have been stray-painted on the windows. A yellow sticker is stuck to the door, indicating that entry to the building is restricted.
A photograph of the former City Council Civic Offers at 194-196 Manchester Street. USAR codes have been stray-painted on the windows. A yellow sticker is stuck to the door, indicating that entry to the building is restricted.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to Peaches and Cream on the corner of Manchester and Tuam Streets. The top of the façade has been damaged, and USAR codes are spray-painted on the windows. Plastic fencing has been placed around the building as a cordon.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to Peaches and Cream on the corner of Manchester and Tuam Streets. The top of the façade has been damaged, and USAR codes are spray-painted on the windows. Plastic fencing has been placed around the building as a cordon.
The cartoon shows a family standing proudly in front of their tent which has 'No leaks!', is 'Earthquake-proof!', and 'Affordable!' An 'Optional extra' is an 'inflatable base for tsunami-prone areas'. Text below reads 'Not suitable for volcanic areas. Refers to the problems that have been experienced in the last couple of decades with leaky homes because of slack building codes (which have now been tightened), refers also to the Canterbury earthquake of 4th September with its aftermath of rebuilding for greater earthquake proofing and lastly refers to the problem of people being unable to afford houses. Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).
This report describes in-plane experimental testing and numerical modelling of timberconcrete floor diaphragms. The experimental tests investigated the in-plane stiffness of the diaphragm and the stiffness and strength of different connections between the diaphragm and the lateral load resisting system. The test model was 1/3 scale and three meters square in plan. Seven tests with a different kind of connection between the floor and the rigid lateral supports (which simulated a timber lateral load resisting system) have been performed. The results of the experimental testing are used to calibrate numerical models which are used to investigate the effects of the floor flexibility on the seismic behaviour of post-tensioned timber buildings. For the experimental tests, screw and nail fasteners were used to connected to floor unit to the lateral supports. These fasteners were embedded into the concrete slab or timber edge joints at different orientations. The stiffness of the diaphragm connections was vastly different for each detail. Screws installed at a 45? angle (inclined) to the lateral supports were four times stiffer than the screws installed orthogonal to the lateral supports. The initial stiffness of the inclined fasteners was similar for timber-to-timber and concrete-to-timber connections. For the timberto- timber connections the orientation did not seem to influence the strength of the connection. The tested diaphragm had an uncracked stiffness of 4000 kN/mm and a cracked stiffness of 300 kN/mm. For the tested floor unit it was concluded that the influence of the diaphragm flexibility was negligible compared to the connector flexibility. The floor flexibility can be idealized as three different parts, the deformation of the connectors, the shear deformation of the diaphragm and the flexural deformation of the diaphragm. The numerical analyses showed that in most perceivable situations the connection deformation will govern the in-plane seismic response of the floor. Hence, it is justified to model it as a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) element. The influence of the floor flexibility on the seismic response of post-tensioned timber buildings is small. In most cases neglecting the floor flexibility is a conservative approach for the structural design of the building. However, structures with stiff walls and long floor spans there can be a significant amplification of the seismic response. For that case, a simple SDOF representation is proposed. Code-based recommendations for predicting the peak floor accelerations are found to be inadequate. A methodology is proposed to more accurately predict the expected peak floor accelerations for design