Damage to a house in Richmond. The brick wall is badly cracked and twisted, and some bricks have fallen, exposing the lining paper and framing below. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd and recovery work around Richmond and St Albans. I think it's broken".
A Civil Defence staff member completing a Level 1 Rapid Assessment inspection on a damaged house. The brickwork on the outer walls have collapsed.
Damage to the rear of the Ballantynes building, seen from Tuam Street. Bricks along the top of the wall have collapsed.
Damage to a house in Richmond. A large crack runs diagonally through a brick wall. The photographer comments, "More cracked brickwork".
A building where the brick walls have crumbled has been cordoned off. Handwritten notes and poems in a heart shape adorns the fence.
A photograph of street art on a brick wall on Colombo Street. Two artists can be seen working on scaffolding on the right.
The badly damaged Carlton Hotel. One wall of the upper storey has collapsed, exposing the rooms within, and bricks litter the footpath below.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to a building on Manchester Street. The top railing of the façade has fallen away and cracks can be seen in the brickwork of the wall below.
Detail of the side of the front wall of St Mary & St Athanaslos church on Edgeware Road, right side. Cracks can be seen running diagonally between the bricks. The top of the wall has crumbled onto the pavement below.
Damage to a house in Richmond. Part of the brick wall has slumped to one side, leaving a visible gap between the wall and a windowframe. Broken wooden framing can be seen in the gap. The photographer comments, "Cracking in the external brickwork".
Damage to a house in Richmond. Bricks have fallen from a wall, exposing the wooden framing beneath. The photographer comments, "The foundation and a section of the wall of the dining room have shifted and cracked. The dining room floor is very springy".
Flooding and liquefaction surround a house in Richmond. Bricks have fallen from the walls of the house, exposing the wooden framework beneath.
Seen through a cordon fence, traces of bricks from a demolished building adhere to the concrete wall of the adjoining building, also being demolished.
A badly damaged building on Lichfield Street. The brick side wall has completely collapsed, and the front of the lower storey is on a significant lean.
The backs of a row of damaged brick buildings in the CBD. Large sections of wall have fallen from several buildings, and rubble litters the ground.
Seen through a cordon fence, traces of bricks from a demolished building adhere to the concrete wall of the adjoining building, also being demolished.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to a house on Bealey Avenue. The outer wall of the house has crumbled, and the bricks have fallen onto the footpath in front. In the background, the bathroom has been exposed, and a window is lying in the bath tub.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the buildings next to the Canterbury Trade Union Centre on Armagh Street. The front walls of both buildings have collapsed, and bricks spill onto the footpath. Cordon tape and road cones have been placed around the buildings.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to a building on Armagh Street. The walls of the building have crumbled and the bricks have spilt onto the footpath, exposing the wooden structure beneath. Police tape and road cones have been placed around the building as a cordon.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the buildings next to the Canterbury Trade Union Centre on Armagh Street. The front walls of both buildings have collapsed, and bricks spill onto the footpath. Cordon tape and road cones have been placed around the buildings.
A photograph of an earthquake-damaged building on St Asaph Street. The top of the side walls have collapsed, the bricks and other rubble spilling onto the driveway and footpath below. Emergency tape has been draped over the driveway as a cordon.
A photograph of rubble outside the Cranmer Centre on the corner of Armagh and Montreal Streets. The rubble is from the front walls of the building which have crumbled in places, spilling bricks onto the street. Cordon fencing has been placed around the building.
A Civil Defence staff member completing a Level 1 Rapid Assessment inspection on a damaged house. The brickwork and window have collapsed from the outer wall of the property.
A gap in the wall of an old building on Ferry Road in Woolston. Bricks have collapsed from the side of the building.
Cordon fencing around the damaged Ground Culinary Centre and cafe. Bricks have crumbled from the walls and remain piled up on the footpath.
The Ground Culinary Centre on the corner of London and Canterbury Streets. One of the side walls has crumbled, bricks lying on the footpath where they fell. Tape and cones have been used to create a cordon around the building.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to R&R Sport on the corner of Colombo and Tuam Streets. Most of the side wall has crumbled, exposing the wooden structure beneath.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to R&R Sport on the corner of Colombo and Tuam Streets. Most of the side wall has crumbled, exposing the wooden structure beneath.
A retaining wall on Sumner Road in Lyttelton that is made from local volcanic stone. A section of the wall has collapsed during the 22 February 2011 earthquake, and the bricks cleared away since. A road cone has been placed by the slip to warn drivers.
The connections between walls of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings and flexible timber diaphragms are critical building components that must perform adequately before desirable earthquake response of URM buildings may be achieved. Field observations made during the initial reconnaissance and the subsequent damage surveys of clay brick URM buildings following the 2010/2011 Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquakes revealed numerous cases where anchor connections joining masonry walls or parapets with roof or floor diaphragms appeared to have failed prematurely. These observations were more frequent for adhesive anchor connections than for through-bolt connections (i.e., anchorages having plates on the exterior facade of the masonry walls). Subsequently, an in-field test program was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate the performance of adhesive anchor connections between unreinforced clay brick URM walls and roof or floor diaphragm. The study consisted of a total of almost 400 anchor tests conducted in eleven existing URM buildings located in Christchurch, Whanganui and Auckland. Specific objectives of the study included the identification of failure modes of adhesive anchors in existing URM walls and the influence of the following variables on anchor load-displacement response: adhesive type, strength of the masonry materials (brick and mortar), anchor embedment depth, anchor rod diameter, overburden level, anchor rod type, quality of installation, and the use of metal mesh sleeves. In addition, the comparative performance of bent anchors (installed at an angle of minimum 22.5° to the perpendicular projection from the wall surface) and anchors positioned horizontally was investigated. Observations on the performance of wall-to-diaphragm connections in the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes, a summary of the performed experimental program and test results, and a proposed pull-out capacity relationship for adhesive anchors installed into multi-leaf clay brick masonry are presented herein. AM - Accepted Manuscript