A photograph of the earthquake damage to Knox Church on the corner of Bealey Avenue and Victoria Street. The walls of the gables have crumbled, the bricks falling onto the footpath. Many have been cleared away and now sit in a pile on the road. Road cones, metal fences, and cordon tape have been placed around the building.
A photograph of emergency management personnel examining the earthquake damage to the Flight Centre's Link Centre on High Street. A brick wall on the neighbouring building has collapsed, falling through the roof of the store, and spilling out into the street. To the left, USAR codes have been spray-painted on the windows of the Coffee Culture.
A photograph of a member of an emergency management team in front of a earthquake-damaged building next to Calendar Girls on Hereford Street. The outer wall of the second storey of the building has collapsed, the bricks spilling onto the footpath below. USAR codes have been spray-painted on a window and a column of the building. Codes have also been spray-painted on the front of Calendar Girls.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to Munn's the Man store on Armagh Street. The outer wall of the top storey has collapsed, the bricks and other rubble spilling onto the car park below. Wire fences placed around the building have toppled over. Steel bracing has been set up inside the building to hold the roof up.
The connections between walls of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings and flexible timber diaphragms are critical building components that must perform adequately before desirable earthquake response of URM buildings may be achieved. Field observations made during the initial reconnaissance and the subsequent damage surveys of clay brick URM buildings following the 2010/2011 Canterbury, New Zealand earthquakes revealed numerous cases where anchor connections joining masonry walls or parapets with roof or floor diaphragms appeared to have failed prematurely. These observations were more frequent for the case of adhesive anchor connections than for the case of through-bolt connections (i.e. anchorages having plates on the exterior façade of the masonry walls). Subsequently, an in-field test program was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate the performance of adhesive anchor connections between unreinforced clay brick URM walls and roof or floor diaphragm. The study consisted of a total of almost 400 anchor tests conducted in eleven existing URM buildings located in Christchurch, Whanganui and Auckland. Specific objectives of the study included the identification of failure modes of adhesive anchors in existing URM walls and the influence of the following variables on anchor load-displacement response: adhesive type, strength of the masonry materials (brick and mortar), anchor embedment depth, anchor rod diameter, overburden level, anchor rod type, quality of installation and the use of metal foil sleeve. In addition, the comparative performance of bent anchors (installed at an angle of minimum 22.5o to the perpendicular projection from the wall surface) and anchors positioned horizontally was investigated. Observations on the performance of wall-to-diaphragm connections in the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes and a snapshot of the performed experimental program and the test results are presented herein. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/21050
Henry Africa's Restaurant on Stanmore Road. The brick wall of the top storey has crumbled into the street, revealing the second layer on the inside. Fencing has been placed around the building to warn people off.
The Empire Hotel on London Street in Lyttelton with heavy steel bracing holding up the facade. Bricks from the side wall have collapsed on to the footpath and wire fencing encloses the site.
Detail of damage to a house in Richmond. The brick wall is badly cracked and twisted. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd and recovery work around Richmond and St Albans. More ruptured brickwork".
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Damage to the side wall of the Mexican Cafe and His Lordships on Lichfield Street. from the December 23 earthquakes".
A photograph of the earthquake damage to a building on Armagh Street. Bricks from the building opposite have fallen through the roof. USAR codes have been spray-painted on the wall to the right.
A police officer and two soldiers inspects a property on Avonside Drive. The awning above the door has collapsed, taking some of the brick wall with it. It still lies on the front steps of the house.
A misaligned brick wall in front of a property with silt still piled up around it. During the earthquake, liquefaction drove silt to the surface where it erupted out of the ground like a volcano and formed a pile like the one seen here.
The former Canterbury Horse Bazaar building on Lichfield Street. One brick gable has collapsed, and there is cracking through the brickwork. A spray-painted warning on the wall below the remaining gable reads, "Danger, look up".
Ground Culinary Centre on the corner of London Street and Canterbury Street in Lyttelton. Bricks from the buildings walls have collapsed on to the footpath and road, and the building has been enclosed by wire fencing.
Damage to a block of flats on the corner of Gayhurst Road and Locksley Avenue. A chimney has fallen, and tiles have shaken loose from the roof. In front of the property a low brick wall has collapsed.
Damage to a house in Richmond. A large crack runs through brickwork under a window, and one side of the wall has visibly slumped, leaving a gap between the bricks and the window frame. The photographer comments, "Cracking in the external brickwork".
Internal damage to a house in Richmond. The top of a window frame has separated from its side, and above a large crack in the wallboard has exposed the bricks behind. The photographer comments, "Cracks in the wall of the sunroom".
Internal damage to a house in Richmond. Wallboard has broken away in the upper corner of a room, exposing the brickwork. The photographer comments, "Cracks in the wall of the sunroom. A lot of the plaster has subsequently fallen off the bricks".
Internal damage to a house in Richmond. A large crack in the wallboard below a window has exposed the bricks, and the skirting board has moved away from the floor. The photographer comments, "Cracks in the wall of the sunroom".
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Iconic bar on the corner of Manchester and Gloucester Streets. Large sections of the outer walls have collapsed, the bricks and masonry spilling onto the footpath below, crushing several cars. USAR codes have been spray-painted near the door and a red sticker has been taped above. The red sticker indicates that the building is unsafe to enter.
A photograph of the earthquake-damaged buildings and rubble on Colombo Street near the intersection of St Asaph Street. The walls of the top storey of the buildings to the left have crumbled, and bricks and other rubble have fallen onto the footpath and road below. Wire fencing and police tape have been placed across the street as a cordon.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Carlton Hotel on the corner of Papanui Road and Bealey Avenue. The wall of the top storey of the building has crumbled, and bricks have fallen onto the footpath. Wire fencing, road cones, and cordon tape have been placed around the building as a cordon. Scaffolding and steel bracing can be seen against the front of the building.
Detail of damage to a house in Richmond. A double-brick wall has collapsed, and a gap is visible between the house and its foundation. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd and recovery work around Richmond and St Albans. The house and the concrete patio are now 15cm apart. The house took half the dining room's remaining bricks with it as it jumped off the foundations. It gives a good visual indication of the displacement".
A photograph of the earthquake damage to Quinns of Papanui Road. The front walls of the store have crumbled, exposing the rooms inside. Wire fencing and road cones have been placed around the building as a cordon.
The Community of the Sacred Name Building on the corner of Barbadoes and St Asaph Streets. Many of the bricks in the walls have crumbled into the street and courtyard, exposing the inside of the building.
The Community of the Sacred Name Building on the corner of Barbadoes and St Asaph Streets. Many of the bricks in the walls have crumbled into the street and courtyard, exposing the inside of the building.
The Community of the Sacred Name Building on the corner of Barbadoes and St Asaph Streets. Many of the bricks in the walls have crumbled into the street and courtyard, exposing the inside of the building.
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "A pile of bricks which have crumbled from a wall and landed on a digger at a demolition on Lichfield Street. This is a result of the 23 December 2011 earthquake".
The side of the Empire Hotel on London Street in Lyttelton where the brick wall has crumbled. Bracing has been placed on the front of the building to keep it together and limit further damage from aftershocks. The building has been cordoned off with fencing.
The badly-damaged Knox Presbyterian Church on the corner of Bealey Avenue and Victoria Street. The brickwork in the gables has crumbled, exposing the wooden structure underneath. Spray-painted USAR codes can be seen on the brick wall.