A photograph of the earthquake-damaged buildings and rubble on Colombo Street near the intersection of St Asaph Street. The walls of the top storey of the buildings to the left have crumbled, and bricks and other rubble have fallen onto the footpath and road below. Wire fencing and police tape have been placed across the street as a cordon.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to Poplar Street taken from Tuam Street shortly after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The road is completely covered by loose bricks and a car has been crushed. To the left, the corner of a building has collapsed, rubble falling into the street.
A photograph of the badly-damaged Octagon Live Restaurant on the corner of Worcester and Manchester Streets. The masonry around the gable has crumbled, falling onto the footpath in front. Wire fencing has been placed around the building as a cordon.
Damaged shops on Manchester Street. The front wall of the top storey of these buildings has crumbled onto the street, crushing vehicles. Emergency personnel have spray painted the word "Clear" on the cars to indicate that they have been checked for trapped or injured people.
Damaged shops on Manchester Street. The front wall of the top storey of these buildings has crumbled onto the street, crushing vehicles. Emergency personnel have spray painted the word "Clear" on the cars to indicate that they have been checked for trapped or injured people.
Damaged shops on Manchester Street. The front wall of the top storey of these buildings has crumbled onto the street, crushing vehicles. Emergency personnel have spray painted the word "Clear" on the cars to indicate that they have been checked for trapped or injured people.
A photograph of the Arts Centre taken from Rolleston Avenue near the Botanic Gardens. The building has been cordoned off by wire fencing and a wooden structure has been secured to the tower with tie-downs to help reduce damage from further aftershocks.
A photograph looking north up Colombo Street across the intersection of Kilmore Street. The buildings on either side of the street have been severely damaged by the earthquakes. The rubble and other debris has since been cleared from the street and footpaths.
A house on Avonside Drive showing damage from the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Numerous cracks in the masonry can be seen, and several sections of brick have fallen off the walls. The building's porch has also collapsed. A pile of dried liquefaction is visible in the driveway.
The damaged chimney of a house on the corner of Galbraith Avenue and Avonside Drive. The top section of the chimney has fallen off and the whole chimney has moved away from the building's wall. The chimney has been weather proofed with a yellow tarpaulin.
The damaged chimney of a house on the corner of Galbraith Avenue and Avonside Drive. The top section of the chimney has fallen off and the whole chimney has moved away from the building's wall. The chimney has been weather proofed with a yellow tarpaulin.
The Durham Street Methodist Church. The top of the roof has broken away and is now boarded up. Bracing has been placed in the front of the building to hold it together and limit further damage from aftershocks. Scaffolding has been erected on the right side.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Christchurch Chinese Methodist Church on Papanui Road. The wall of the gable has crumbled, the bricks spilling onto the lawn below. Wire fencing has been placed around the building as a cordon.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Christchurch Chinese Methodist Church on Papanui Road. The gable wall has crumbled, the bricks and window frame falling onto the ground. Wire fencing has been placed around the building as a cordon.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to a building on Gloucester Street. Many of the windows have broken, and the glass litters the footpath in front. USAR codes have been spray-painted on the door of the Kosco Asian Supermarket.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to a concrete beam inside a building. The wall around the beam has been removed to access the beam. Concrete near the bottom of the beam has crumbled and the steel reinforcement inside is now exposed.
A photograph of an excavator clearing rubble from several earthquake-damaged buildings on Manchester Street. In the foreground a member of an emergency management team is watching on. Several other emergency management personnel can also be seen in the distance.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Asko Design building on Victoria Street. The top of the facade has crumpled onto the street and awning below. A broken gutter and hole in the roof are visible to the left.
The damaged chimney of a house on the corner of Galbraith Avenue and Avonside Drive. The top section of the chimney has fallen off and the whole chimney has moved away from the building's wall. The chimney has been weather proofed with a yellow tarpaulin.
Damage to the Crichton Cobbers Youth and Community Club. Large sections of the brick walls have collapsed, and two large beams lie across the rubble. Cordon fencing surrounds this and nearby buildings. The photographer comments, "A bike ride around the CBD. Old brewery, later a gym - Fitzgerald Ave".
Damage to the Crichton Cobbers Youth and Community Club. Large sections of the brick walls have collapsed, and two large beams lie across the rubble. Cordon fencing surrounds this and nearby buildings. The photographer comments, "A bike ride around the CBD. Old brewery, later a gym - Fitzgerald Ave".
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the second story of the Observatory tower at the Christchurch Arts Centre. The front of the storey has collapsed, exposing the inside. A tarpaulin has been draped over the top and the roof of the building behind.
A photograph of the north side of the ChristChurch Cathedral in Cathedral Square. The front of the building has been propped up with steel bracing but further earthquakes have caused more damage, leaving a gap between the bracing and the wall. The tower has been partially demolished, but the lower section is still visible. Wire fencing has been placed around the entire building. In the background, a crane is rising high above the square.
A photograph of the north side of the ChristChurch Cathedral in Cathedral Square. The front of the building has been propped up with steel bracing but further earthquakes have caused more damage, leaving a gap between the bracing and the wall. The tower has been partially demolished, but the lower section is still visible. Wire fencing has been placed around the entire building. In the background, a crane is rising high above the square.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to a building on the corner of Hereford and Madras Street. Sections of the façade have crumbled, bricks spilling onto the road in front. Wire fencing has been used to block off half of Madras Street. In the background, emergency management personnel are working through the rubble of the CTV building site. A digger and a crane are parked on the site.
A photograph of members of the Wellington Emergency Management Office Emergency Response Team standing in front of an earthquake-damaged building on Lichfield Street. A section of the roof and the façade on the top storey of the building have collapsed and the bricks and other rubble have spilled onto the footpath and street below. USAR codes have been spray-painted on one of the bottom-storey windows and the front door.
A photograph of the north side of the ChristChurch Cathedral in Cathedral Square. The front of the building has been propped up with steel bracing but further earthquakes have caused more damage, leaving a gap between the bracing and the wall. The tower has been partially demolished, but the lower section is still visible. Wire fencing has been placed around the entire building. In the background, a crane is rising high above the square.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to South of the Border, Denis Moore the Auto Electrician and Himalayas Indian restaurant on Colombo Street. Wire fencing, road cones and Civil Defence tape have been placed around the buildings as a cordon.
A photograph of members of the Wellington Emergency Management Office Emergency Response Team and the Red Cross, standing on the corner of Lichfield and High Streets. In the background large piles of rubble from earthquake-damaged buildings line the street.
The 2011, 6.3 magnitude Christchurch earthquake in New Zealand caused considerable structural damage. It is believed that this event has now resulted in demolition of about 65-70% of the building stock in the Central Business District (CBD), significantly crippling economic activities in the city of Christchurch. A major concern raised from this event was adequacy of the current seismic design practice adopted for reinforced concrete walls due to their poor performance in modern buildings. The relatively short-duration earthquake motion implied that the observed wall damage occurred in a brittle manner despite adopting a ductile design philosophy. This paper presents the lessons learned from the observed wall damage in the context of current state of knowledge in the following areas: concentrating longitudinal reinforcement in wall end regions; determining wall thickness to prevent out-of-plane wall buckling; avoiding lap splices in plastic hinge zones; and quantifying minimum vertical reinforcement. http://www.2eceesistanbul.org/