A photograph captioned by Paul Corliss, "Castle Rock pre-earthquake".
A photograph captioned by Paul Corliss, "Castle Rock post earthquake".
A photograph of an earthquake-damaged house on Madeley Road.
A photograph captioned by Paul Corliss, "Castle Rock post earthquake".
Cordon fencing around Smith's Bookshop, damaged in the September earthquake.
This thesis investigates life-safety risk in earthquakes. The first component of the thesis utilises a dataset of earthquake injuries and deaths from recent earthquakes in New Zealand to identify cause, context, and risk factors of injury and death in the 2011 MW6.3 Christchurch earthquake and 2016 MW7.8 Kaikōura earthquake. Results show that nearly all deaths occurred from being hit by structural elements from buildings, while most injuries were caused by falls, strains and being hit by contents or non-structural elements. Statistical analysis of injured cases compared to an uninjured control group found that age, gender, building damage, shaking intensity, and behaviour during shaking were the most significant risk factors for injury during these earthquakes. The second part of the thesis uses the empirical findings from the first section to develop two tools for managing life-safety risk in earthquakes. The first tool is a casualty estimation model for health system and emergency response planning. An existing casualty model used in New Zealand was validated against observed data from the 2011 Christchurch earthquake and found to underestimate moderate and severe injuries by an order of magnitude. The model was then updated to include human behaviour such as protective actions, falls and strain type injuries that are dependent on shaking intensity, as well as injuries and deaths outside buildings. These improvements resulted in a closer fit to observed casualties for the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. The second tool that was developed is a framework to set seismic loading standards for design based on fatality risk targets. The proposed framework extends the risk-targeted hazard method, by moving beyond collapse risk targets, to fatality risk targets for individuals in buildings and societal risk in cities. The framework also includes treatment of epistemic uncertainty in seismic hazard to allow this uncertainty to be used in risk-based decision making. The framework is demonstrated by showing how the current New Zealand loading standards could be revised to achieve uniform life-safety risk across the country and how the introduction of a new loading factor can reduce risk aggregation in cities. Not on Alma, moved and emailed. 1/02/2023 ce
Photos taken in New Brighton on March 31 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-03-25-New Brighton-After-The-Earthquake-NB Parkland 007 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries
An earthquake-damaged house on Acland Avenue in Avonside. Its chimneys have collapsed and have been weather proofed with tarpaulins. The overgrown garden suggests the house has been unoccupied since the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
An earthquake-damaged house on Acland Avenue in Avonside. Its chimneys have collapsed and have been weather proofed with tarpaulins. The overgrown garden suggests the house has been unoccupied since the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
Photos taken of the Mobile Library on March 31, 2011 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-03-31-Mobile-After-The-Earthquake-NB Parkland 021 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Christ Church Cathedral.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Christ Church Cathedral.
A photograph captioned by Paul Corliss, "Merivale, post 22 February earthquake".
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Christ Church Cathedral.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Christ Church Cathedral.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Christ Church Cathedral.
A photograph of earthquake damage to the Richmond Working Men's Club.
A photograph of earthquake damage to the Richmond Working Men's Club.
A photograph of earthquake damage to the interior of Knox Church.
A photograph of earthquake damage to the interior of Knox Church.
A photograph captioned by Paul Corliss, "Lane Walker Rudkins, post earthquake".
A photograph of an earthquake-damaged house at 482 Avonside Drive.
A photograph of an earthquake-damaged house on Major Hornbrook Road.
A photograph of several earthquake-damaged houses on Chester Street East.
A photograph captioned by Paul Corliss, "Merivale, post 22 February earthquake".
A photograph captioned by Paul Corliss, "Merivale, post 22 February earthquake".
A photograph of earthquake damage to the interior of Knox Church.
A photograph of earthquake damage to the interior of Knox Church.
A photograph captioned by Paul Corliss, "Lane Walker Rudkins, post earthquake".
A photograph captioned by Paul Corliss, "Lane Walker Rudkins, post earthquake".