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Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

The 4 September 2010 Darfield and 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquakes caused significant damage to Christchurch and surrounding suburbs as a result of the widespread liquefaction and lateral spreading that occurred. Ground surveying-based field investigations were conducted following these two events in order to measure permanent ground displacements in areas significantly affected by lateral spreading. Data was analysed with respect to the distribution of lateral spreading vs. distance from the waterway, and the failure patterns observed. Two types of failure distribution patterns were observed, a typical distributed pattern and an atypical block failure. Differences in lateral spreading measurements along adjacent banks of the Avon River in the area of Dallington were also examined. The spreading patterns between the adjacent banks varied with the respective river geometry and/or geotechnical conditions at the banks.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph taken from the top of the BNZ building. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Finally, the mess outside Coffee Culture on High Street has been cleared and demolition work will complete what the earthquake began. The red containers in the background are Fletchers containers, servicing the Hotel Grand Chancellor deconstruction".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

The top of the water slides in the QEII swimming pool, exposed by its demolition. The slides themselves have been broken off, leaving only the entry points. The photographer comments, "After assessment of the damage caused by the numerous earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand they decided to demolish the QEII stadium and it's swimming pool".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A 'sand volcano' of liquefaction silt. The photograph has been rotated 180 degrees. The photographer comments, "This could be just a horrible hole caused by liquefaction pouring out of a hole after the Christchurch earthquake in January, but turn it upside down and it becomes an outcrop on the floor of an unseen tidal estuary".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A digitally manipulated image of a poster advertising a performance in New Brighton by bands Mynor Star, Reflekshun and Loaded Victim. The photographer comments, "The Bar 25 had this night of rock on the 18 December 2011, but the earthquake on December 23 just off of the coast close by got it shut down".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A digitally manipulated photograph of a building on Poplar Lane. The photographer comments, "I felt that this building had a real Italian feel about it. It is actually in Christchurch, New Zealand. It appears on the list to be partially demolished after the Christchurch earthquake, so it might not be around for much longer".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A digitally manipulated image of a sign reading "A bit of dirt never hurt". The photographer comments, "This was a sign put up on a section of land in the Port of Lyttelton where an earthquake damaged building had been removed. The cliff at the back had collapsed down probably during the demolition process".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A digitally manipulated image of Latimer Square. The photographer comments, "It is so nice to stand in the middle of Latimer Square on a bright Winter's day and forget the havoc that is around you. The square has hardly been touched by the Christchurch earthquake, but it is surrounded by demolished and damaged buildings".

Research papers, Lincoln University

The devastating earthquakes of September 2010 and February 2011 have without question upset the Christchurch City way of life for all. Families and businesses, as well as the natural and built environments have been directly affected, and our social landscapes have since evolved to accommodate the visible changes. Though not perhaps seen as a priority, the Christchurch nightlife has been profoundly altered by the quakes and the once popular CBD clubbing scene has ceased to exist. The concern highlighted in this article is the way in which this has put pressure on suburban bars and the the implications of this for local residents.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

Previous earthquakes demonstrated destructive effects of soil-structure interaction on structural response. For example, in the 1970 Gediz earthquake in Turkey, part of a factory was demolished in a town 135 km from the epicentre, while no other buildings in the town were damaged. Subsequent investigations revealed that the fundamental period of vibration of the factory was approximately equal to that of the underlying soil. This alignment provided a resonance effect and led to collapse of the structure. Another dramatic example took place in Adapazari, during the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake where several foundations failed due to either bearing capacity exceedance or foundation uplifting, consequently, damaging the structure. Finally, the Christchurch 2012 earthquakes have shown that significant nonlinear action in the soil and soil-foundation interface can be expected due to high levels of seismic excitation and spectral acceleration. This nonlinearity, in turn, significantly influenced the response of the structure interacting with the soil-foundation underneath. Extensive research over more than 35 years has focused on the subject of seismic soil-structure interaction. However, since the response of soil-structure systems to seismic forces is extremely complex, burdened by uncertainties in system parameters and variability in ground motions, the role of soil-structure interaction on the structural response is still controversial. Conventional design procedures suggest that soil-structure interaction effects on the structural response can be conservatively ignored. However, more recent studies show that soil-structure interaction can be either beneficial or detrimental, depending on the soil-structure-earthquake scenarios considered. In view of the above mentioned issues, this research aims to utilise a comprehensive and systematic probabilistic methodology, as the most rational way, to quantify the effects of soil-structure interaction on the structural response considering both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. The goal is achieved by examining the response of established rheological single-degree-of-freedom systems located on shallow-foundation and excited by ground motions with different spectral characteristics. In this regard, four main phases are followed. First, the effects of seismic soil-structure interaction on the response of structures with linear behaviour are investigated using a robust stochastic approach. Herein, the soil-foundation interface is modelled by an equivalent linear cone model. This phase is mainly considered to examine the influence of soil-structure interaction on the approach that has been adopted in the building codes for developing design spectrum and defining the seismic forces acting on the structure. Second, the effects of structural nonlinearity on the role of soil-structure interaction in modifying seismic structural response are studied. The same stochastic approach as phase 1 is followed, while three different types of structural force-deflection behaviour are examined. Third, a systematic fashion is carried out to look for any possible correlation between soil, structural, and system parameters and the degree of soil-structure interaction effects on the structural response. An attempt is made to identify the key parameters whose variation significantly affects the structural response. In addition, it is tried to define the critical range of variation of parameters of consequent. Finally, the impact of soil-foundation interface nonlinearity on the soil-structure interaction analysis is examined. In this regard, a newly developed macro-element covering both material and geometrical soil-foundation interface nonlinearity is implemented in a finite-element program Raumoko 3D. This model is then used in an extensive probabilistic simulation to compare the effects of linear and nonlinear soil-structure interaction on the structural response. This research is concluded by reviewing the current design guidelines incorporating soil-structure interaction effects in their design procedures. A discussion is then followed on the inadequacies of current procedures based on the outcomes of this study.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

The paper discusses modelling of cyclic stress-strain behaviour of soil, in particular a simple model that can produce a desired stiffness and hysteretic damping for a given strain level as observed in laboratory testing is formulated. The unloading-reloading relationship is developed for total stress seismic site response analysis with appropriate damping at large strain. The constitutive model employs a hyperbolic equation as the backbone curve, and uses a modification of the extended Masing unloading-reloading relationship leading to correct measured modulus reduction and damping curves simultaneously. A quasi-static cyclic loading of increasing amplitude is used to demonstrate the model’s performance and its capability to allow improved modelling of the magnitude of energy dissipation based on an experimental program on native sandy soils from Christchurch, New Zealand.

Images, Alexander Turnbull Library

Shows in six cameos the Mayor of Christchurch, Bob Parker and his wife, Jo Nicholls Parker, wining and dining in six different places, including Christchurch. Context: Christchurch mayoress Jo Nicholls-Parker will add "real value" to a planned series of ratepayer-funded overseas trips, Mayor Bob Parker says. Councillors will discuss whether to approve regular visits by the mayor and mayoress to Christchurch's sister cities and "other strategic partners". (Press 13 June 2012) Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).

Audio, Radio New Zealand

The Hororata Highland Games are an initiative of the Hororata Community Trust. The Trust was established to support the community through fundraising activities and help the Mid-Canterbury town rebuild after the September 2010 earthquake left many facilities damaged. The inaugural Highland Games in 2011 was a huge success and this year, Trust director Mark Stewart and dozens of local volunteers have organised another tartan extravaganza.

Audio, Radio New Zealand

Spud Hilton knows what it's like to feel the fear of a large scale earthquake. As the Travel Editor of the San Francisco Chronicle newspaper, he lives in a city on a fault line. Spud Hilton has just published an article in the San Francisco Chronicle about the status of Christchurch as a tourist destination and as a city that must rebuild, rethink and reinvent itself.

Audio, Radio New Zealand

A Burnside woman who's been helping tangata whenua has received a Christchurch Earthquake Award; The country's biggest Maori performance event is coming to Christchurch in 2015; The Ministry of Education will help fund up to 40 Te Pumaomao nation-building courses this year; One of New Zealand's most influential Maori academics is one of six recipients of Auckland University's 2012 Distinguished Alumni Awards.

Videos, UC QuakeStudies

A video of an interview with a family who are living in a shed. The family lost their rental property after the owners' other property was damaged by the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The family are one of many living in sheds, garages, and tents despite the government's claim that there is no housing crisis in Christchurch.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A digitally manipulated image of a mannequin. The photographer comments, "During the Christchurch earthquake on 22 February 2011 a lot of people were seriously injured or killed because they run out of buildings. Falling masonry from the exterior of the buildings hit them, but if they had remained inside they would have probably been perfectly safe".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

In a vacant lot opposite the CTV building where a building has been demolished, is a commemoration to those who died in the earthquake. It includes a pile of demolition rubble and 185 white stones in honour of each person who lost their life on 22nd February 2011. Around it are also item such as a frame photograph and flowers left by the public.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

In a vacant lot opposite the CTV building where a building has been demolished, is a commemoration to those who died in the earthquake. It includes a pile of demolition rubble and 185 white stones in honour of each person who lost their life on 22nd February 2011. Around it are also item such as a frame photograph and flowers left by the public.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

In a vacant lot opposite the CTV building where a building has been demolished, is a commemoration to those who died in the earthquake. It includes a pile of demolition rubble and 185 white stones in honour of each person who lost their life on 22nd February 2011. Around it are item such as a frame photograph and flowers left by the public.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Glass panels with brass surrounds, stacked inside a building. The photographer comments, "These were brass dividers that were brought inside the building two years ago after the Christchurch earthquake. They have been sitting there abandoned in a restaurant that will be either repaired and reopened at a later date or demolished like the many others of its kind".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Students from Avonside Girls High School eating lunch outside their temporary library building, built since the earthquake. The photograph has been captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The new buildings are low and brightly painted in strong colours. The mood is similar to the Container Mall Re:Start, with bright colours, low ceilings, and a spacious layout".

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 28 April 2012 looking south from Cunningham Terrace, Lyttelton. The foreground of the photograph shows a blue temporary water supply pipe and markings spray painted on the footpath in preparation for repair work. The fence has a home made sign painted with the Fulton Hogan (FH) logo satirized to ...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 28 April 2012 showing a painting representing Nero fiddling while Rome burnt. The painting was executed on a large curved concrete block of a temporary retaining wall in Cunningham Terrace, Lyttelton. Artist The retaining walls above and below Cunningham Terrace were severely damaged by the 22 Feb...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 28 April 2012 looking south from Cunningham Terrace, Lyttelton. The photograph shows a homemade figure of Humpty Dumpty with a bandaged head sitting on a fence on top of a retaining wall awaiting repair. Contractor involved in repair work The retaining walls above and below Cunningham Terrace wer...