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Research Papers, Lincoln University

Disasters are a critical topic for practitioners of landscape architecture. A fundamental role of the profession is disaster prevention or mitigation through practitioners having a thorough understanding of known threats. Once we reach the ‘other side’ of a disaster – the aftermath – landscape architecture plays a central response in dealing with its consequences, rebuilding of settlements and infrastructure and gaining an enhanced understanding of the causes of any failures. Landscape architecture must respond not only to the physical dimensions of disaster landscapes but also to the social, psychological and spiritual aspects. Landscape’s experiential potency is heightened in disasters in ways that may challenge and extend the spectrum of emotions. Identity is rooted in landscape, and massive transformation through the impact of a disaster can lead to ongoing psychological devastation. Memory and landscape are tightly intertwined as part of individual and collective identities, as connections to place and time. The ruptures caused by disasters present a challenge to remembering the lives lost and the prior condition of the landscape, the intimate attachments to places now gone and even the event itself.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

The recent Canterbury earthquake sequence in 2010-2011 highlighted a uniquely severe level of structural damage to modern buildings, while confirming the high vulnerability and life threatening of unreinforced masonry and inadequately detailed reinforced concrete buildings. Although the level of damage of most buildings met the expected life-safety and collapse prevention criteria, the structural damage to those building was beyond economic repair. The difficulty in the post-event assessment of a concrete or steel structure and the uneconomical repairing costs are the big drivers of the adoption of low damage design. Among several low-damage technologies, post-tensioned rocking systems were developed in the 1990s with applications to precast concrete members and later extended to structural steel members. More recently the technology was extended to timber buildings (Pres-Lam system). This doctoral dissertation focuses on the experimental investigation and analytical and numerical prediction of the lateral load response of dissipative post-tensioned rocking timber wall systems. The first experimental stages of this research consisted of component testing on both external replaceable devices and internal bars. The component testing was aimed to further investigate the response of these devices and to provide significant design parameters. Post-tensioned wall subassembly testing was then carried out. Firstly, quasi-static cyclic testing of two-thirds scale post-tensioned single wall specimens with several reinforcement layouts was carried out. Then, an alternative wall configuration to limit displacement incompatibilities in the diaphragm was developed and tested. The system consisted of a Column-Wall-Column configuration, where the boundary columns can provide the support to the diaphragm with minimal uplifting and also provide dissipation through the coupling to the post-tensioned wall panel with dissipation devices. Both single wall and column-wall-column specimens were subjected to drifts up to 2% showing excellent performance, limiting the damage to the dissipating devices. One of the objectives of the experimental program was to assess the influence of construction detailing, and the dissipater connection in particular proved to have a significant influence on the wall’s response. The experimental programs on dissipaters and wall subassemblies provided exhaustive data for the validation and refinement of current analytical and numerical models. The current moment-rotation iterative procedure was refined accounting for detailed response parameters identified in the initial experimental stage. The refined analytical model proved capable of fitting the experimental result with good accuracy. A further stage in this research was the validation and refinement of numerical modelling approaches, which consisted in rotational spring and multi-spring models. Both the modelling approaches were calibrated versus the experimental results on post-tensioned walls subassemblies. In particular, the multi-spring model was further refined and implemented in OpenSEES to account for the full range of behavioural aspects of the systems. The multi-spring model was used in the final part of the dissertation to validate and refine current lateral force design procedures. Firstly, seismic performance factors in accordance to a Force-Based Design procedure were developed in accordance to the FEMA P-695 procedure through extensive numerical analyses. This procedure aims to determine the seismic reduction factor and over-strength factor accounting for the collapse probability of the building. The outcomes of this numerical analysis were also extended to other significant design codes. Alternatively, Displacement-Based Design can be used for the determination of the lateral load demand on a post-tensioned multi-storey timber building. The current DBD procedure was used for the development of a further numerical analysis which aimed to validate the procedure and identify the necessary refinements. It was concluded that the analytical and numerical models developed throughout this dissertation provided comprehensive and accurate tools for the determination of the lateral load response of post-tensioned wall systems, also allowing the provision of design parameters in accordance to the current standards and lateral force design procedures.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Olivia standing next to a Adshel bus stop poster. The poster has an All Right? poster with her quote on it, in answer to the question, "What makes us feel all right?" "Keeping active and busy by walking around the park every day. Olivia, Belfast." All Right? posted the photograph on their Facebook page.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Waimarie Rawson-Griffiths (left) and Karuna Thurlow (right) next to a billboard with Thurlow's portrait on it. The billboard is in Hagley Park for the 2015 Te Matatini National Kapa Haka festival, and is part of All Right?'s Te Waioratanga project. All Right? posted the photograph on their Facebook page on 10 March 2015.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Chisnallwood Intermediate pupils on the inaugural walk for the Chisnallwood Trail. The 'All Righties' are walking with the school pupils along a neighbourhood street. The photograph was taken at the launch of the Chisnallwood AWA trail at Chisnallwood Intermediate. All Right? posted the photograph on their Facebook page on 2 September 2015 at 3:55pm.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of people walking the Chisnallwood walking trail, including Chisnallwood Intermediate pupils, Burwood-Pegasus Community Board Members Tim Baker (left) and Cr Glenn Livingstone (front right). The photograph was taken at the launch of the Chisnallwood AWA trail at Chisnallwood Intermediate. All Right? posted the photograph on their Facebook page on 2 September 2015 at 3:55pm.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

An image advertising a free writing workshop for children aged between 10 and 15. The writing workshop was part of the WORD Christchurch writers festival. The image was used as a profile picture on the All Right? Facebook page. The image was also posted to Facebook by All Right? on 15 July 2014 at 5:31pm.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Jack standing next to a Adshel bus stop poster. The poster has an All Right? poster with his quote on it, in answer to the question, "What makes us feel all right?" "Playing my guitar. Jack (11), Woolston." All Right? posted the photograph on their Facebook page on 13 May 2013 at 4:03pm.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

An image used as a cover photo on the All Right? Facebook page. The image reads, "What good things are you growing? Wonderful things happen when we put in a little bit of time," and was captioned with a gardening tip. The image was also posted by All Right? to their Facebook page on 11 September 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of an All Right? advertisement in The Press newspaper. The advertisement depicts two 'All Righties' carrying a couch together, and reads, "Shown a mate you care lately? Often the little things mean the most to our family and friends." All Right? posted the photograph on their Facebook page on 2 September 2013 at 5:23pm.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Wainoni School pupils presenting the AWA Trails at a school assembly. The pupils are holding 'Five Ways to Wellbeing posters and AWA Trails material. The photograph was taken at the launch of the Wainoni AWA trail at Wainoni School. All Right? posted the photograph on their Facebook page on 2 September 2015 at 3:56pm.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a map of Christchurch in a temporary Civil Defence headquarters set up at the Mainland Foundation Ballpark after the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Red, green and blue markings on the map indicate where flooding, sand and closures are located. Post-it notes and a key with a tag reading, "Manchester" are attached to the map.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of an unfolded AWA Trails map, showing the different trails. The photograph was taken at the launch of the AWA Trails. All Right? posted the photograph on their Facebook page on 23 September 2015 at 9:09am. The Facebook image is captioned, "To download a free map visit www.AllRight.org.nz/AWA today!".

Videos, UC QuakeStudies

A video of a presentation by Professor Chris Kissling, Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport, at the 2016 Seismics in the City Conference. The presentation is titled, "Transport Roles in Helping Shape Canterbury's Post-earthquakes Future".The abstract for the presentation reads, "The necessity for embracing integrated transportation solutions to meet emerging societal needs."

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Henrietta Hall standing next to an All Right? advertisement in a Adshel bus stop with her quote on it. The poster reads "What makes us feel all right? Gazing at the bright autumn leaves against the deep blue sky". All Right? posted the photograph on their Facebook page on 4 June 2013 at 5:08pm.

Articles, UC QuakeStudies

A post on the NZ Raw blog written by Mark Lincoln on 3 March 2011. Mark says, "Sydenham Church - this is the one that was demolished and then suddenly everyone started asking why it was demolished - somewhere along the line there was a communication error and a demolition company knocked down the church without speaking to the Heritage Trust".

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

This article reports on research conducted in Christchurch, New Zealand, after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. This quake and thousands of subsequent aftershocks have left the city of Christchurch with serious infrastructure damage to roads, sewage supply, housing and commercial buildings. The emergence of a vibrant art and craft movement in the Christchurch region post earthquake has been an unexpected aspect of the recovery process. The article begins with a review of the literature on traditional responses to disaster recovery illustrating how more contemporary approaches are community-focused. We review the links between crafting and well-being, and report on qualitative research conducted with five focus groups and nine individuals who have contributed to this movement in Christchurch. The findings illustrate the role crafting has played post earthquake, in terms of processing key elements of the disaster for healing and recovery, creating opportunities for social support; giving to others; generating learning and meaning making and developing a vision for the future. The data analysis is underpinned by theory related to post-traumatic growth and ecological concerns. The role of social work in promoting low-cost initiatives such as craft groups to foster social resilience and aid in the recovery from disaster trauma is explored. This discussion considers why such approaches are rare in social work.