Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "23 Seabreeze Close, Bexley. Look at the angles in this doorway and the pile of silt".
An abandoned residential property at 25 Waygreen Avenue in New Brighton. The section is covered with weeds and silt from liquefaction. Stones are scattered across the driveway.
Abandoned residential properties at 39 (left), 41 (centre), and 37 (right) Seabreeze Close in Bexley. The front yard and footpath are covered with weeds and silt from liquefaction.
A large pile of liquefaction silt at a dump on Breezes Road. The photographer comments, "Breezes Road and Anzac Drive have recently opened but are now home to a brand new range of hills thanks to mountains of silt that have been collected by the hard working construction guys that have done a sterling job on the road there".
An abandoned residential property at 14 Seabreeze Close in Bexley. The damaged garage door has been boarded up. The driveway is covered with weeds and silt from liquefaction.
Liquefaction silt surrounding a power pole in Ferry Road, next to a cut-out of a smiling and waving David Carter, National MP for the Port Hills electorate.
Liquefaction silt surrounding a power pole in Ferry Road, next to a cut-out of a smiling and waving David Carter, National MP for the Port Hills electorate.
Road cones line Waygreen Avenue in New Brighton. Flooding can be seen along the edge of the road. The footpath is covered with weeds and silt from liquefaction.
Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.
Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.
Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the turf and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.
Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.
Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.
Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.
Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.
An abandoned residential property at 10 Waygreen Avenue in New Brighton. The section is covered with weeds and silt from liquefaction. The front of the section is partly flooded.
An empty section where a house once stood at 21 Waygreen Avenue in New Brighton. The footpath is partly flooded and is overgrown with weeds and silt from liquefaction.
An abandoned residential property at 28 Waygreen Avenue in New Brighton. The section is overgrown with weeds and silt from liquefaction. The footpath to the left has partly flooded.
An abandoned residential property at 1A Seabreeze Close in Bexley. The front of the property is overgrown and footpath is also covered with weeds and silt from liquefaction.
Former Labour Party leader, Phil Goff, talking to students assembling wheelbarrows for the Student Volunteer Army at the University of Canterbury. The wheelbarrows will be used to clear silt from Christchurch properties.
An abandoned residential property at 6 Waygreen Avenue in New Brighton. The garage door has buckled. The front yard and footpath are covered with weeds and silt from liquefaction.
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Stepping stones to allow you to walk over the silt at 19 Reaby Street in the Horseshoe Lake district".
An abandoned residential property at 3 Waygreen Avenue in New Brighton. The section and footpath is overgrown with weeds and silt from liquefaction. A bare tree stands on the footpath.
A crane sits beside the sewage treatment ponds in Bromley. In the distance can be seen large piles of liquefaction silt. The photographer comments, "Bromley sewage treatment ponds, under repair".
Damage to River Road in Richmond. The road surface is badly cracked and slumped, and liquefaction silt covers part of the road. The photographer comments, "Lateral spreading cracks in River Rd".
Abandoned residential properties on Seabreeze Close in Bexley. The front yard and footpath are covered with weeds and silt from liquefaction. The frame of a gazebo is partially covered with cloth.
An abandoned residential property at 15 Seabreeze Close in Bexley. The front yard and footpath are covered with weeds and silt from liquefaction. A cluster of bricks lie in the grass.
Earthquake-triggered soil liquefaction caused extensive damage and heavy economic losses in Christchurch during the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquakes. The most severe manifestations of liquefaction were associated with the presence of natural deposits of clean sands and silty sands of fluvial origin. However, liquefaction resistance of fines-containing sands is commonly inferred from empirical relationships based on clean sands (i.e. sands with less than 5% fines). Hence, existing evaluation methods have poor accuracy when applied to silty sands. The liquefaction behaviour of Christchurch fines-containing (silty) sands is investigated through a series of Direct Simple Shear (DSS) tests. This type of test better resembles earthquake loading conditions in soil deposits compared to cyclic triaxial tests. Soil specimens are reconstituted in the laboratory with the water sedimentation technique. This preparation method yields soil fabrics similar to those encountered in fluvial soil deposits, which are common in the Christchurch area. Test results provide preliminary indications on how void ratio, relative density, preparation method and fines content influence the cyclic liquefaction behaviour of sand-silt mixtures depending on the properties of host sand and silt.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "23 Seabreeze Close, Bexley. The view through the window here shows the size of the silt piled against the front door".
An abandoned residential property at 34 Waygreen Avenue in New Brighton. The front of the section is overgrown with weeds and silt from liquefaction. Cushions lie on the footpath outside the gate.