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Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of members of Crack'd for Christchurch taking a break. The team have been working on their armchair artwork in a garage.Crack'd for Christchurch comments, "February 2014. The work continues through the summer and into the winter. From left: Jayne White, Marie Hudson, Jennie Cooper, and Helen Campbell."

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of members of Crack'd for Christchurch working on their armchair artwork.Crack'd for Christchurch comments, "Once the opus starts to go on, things speed up. We have a September deadline for the big reveal. Here we are in July. From left: Helen Campbell, Jennie Cooper, and Sharon Wilson."

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a camera operator filming Sharon Wilson and Jennie Cooper as they work on Crack'd for Christchurch's armchair artwork.Crack'd for Christchurch comments, "August 2014. Mike Thorpe and camera man filming Flora for Seven Sharp in anticipation of the launch. Only 4 weeks to go. No grout on the chair yet."

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph taken from the top of the BNZ building. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "From left to right are the Brannigans building (under demolition), former Government Life Building, Farmers building, MFL building (under demolition), Forsyth Barr building (staying) , PricewaterhouseCoopers building (going) and the roof of the cathedral in the foreground".

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Scavenger Hunt 101 - SH 8 (abandoned building or ruin) The ruins/remains of what was the third highest building in Christchurch, pre earthquakes, the Price Waterhouse Coopers building in Armagh Street. At 76.3 metres ( 21 floors) the demolition has left the basement (now flooded) and these supports. Just one of many photos from Christchurch ...

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of members of Crack'd for Christchurch attaching one of the flower mosaics to their armchair artwork.Crack'd for Christchurch comments, "Mosaic adhesive goes on to the concrete chair (which has been sealed and primed). We also put mosaic adhesive on the back of each flower. From left: Marie Hudson, Helen Campell, and Jennie Cooper."

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of members of Crack'd for Christchurch, who have been breaking up pieces of china.Crack'd for Christchurch comments, "November now, a nice shot of us (from left: Marie Hudson, Jenny Cooper, Helen Campbell, Sharon Wilson, and Shirley Walden). We met regularly over that first winter, trying to keep on top of the china as it flowed in."

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a camera operator filming members of Crack'd for Christchurch as they work on their armchair artwork.Crack'd for Christchurch comments, "August 2014. Mike Thorpe and camera man filming Flora for Seven Sharp in anticipation of the launch. Only 4 weeks to go. No grout on the chair yet. From left: Sharon Wilson, Marie Hudson, and Jennie Cooper."

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of members of Crack'd for Christchurch working on their armchair artwork. Reporter Mike Thorpe is in the background.Crack'd for Christchurch comments, "August 2014. Mike Thorpe and camera man filming Flora for Seven Sharp in anticipation of the launch. Only 4 weeks to go. No grout on the chair yet. From left: Jenny Cooper, Marie Hudson, and Sharon Wilson."

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a camera operator filming members of Crack'd for Christchurch as they work on their armchair artwork.Crack'd for Christchurch comments, "August 2014. Mike Thorpe and camera man filming Flora for Seven Sharp in anticipation of the launch. Only 4 weeks to go. No grout on the chair yet. From left: Helen Campbell, Jennie Cooper, and Marie Hudson."

Videos, UC QuakeStudies

A video telling the story of a Dallington house which was built by Bill Cooper in 1957. The house was demolished last month as part of the clearance of the Christchurch residential red zone. The story of the house is used to illustrate what is happening in many Christchurch suburbs. The video also includes the story of a sea elephant that lived in the Avon River in the 1970s and 1980s.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of members of Crack'd for Christchurch, Greening the Rubble, and Phresh Deliveries standing in front of a truck. Crack'd for Christchurch's armchair artwork has been wrapped in a tarpaulin and placed on the back of the truck.Crack'd for Christchurch comments, "Flora is uplifted from the workshop at last! You can see the relief on our faces. From left: Marie Hudson, Jenny Cooper, Jonathan Hall, and Nick Johnston from Phresh Deliveries."

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Crack'd for Christchurch's preparation for mosaicking their armchair artwork in a garage. A number of mosaics of flowers and leaves have been laid over the floor. Several cars covered in dust sheets are parked in the background. To the right, Jenny Cooper is placing paper mosaic designs on the arms of the chair.Crack'd for Christchurch comments, "Some of the flowers made over the summer, laid out and ready to go on the chair."

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The current state of the Christchurch Cathedral can be seen in the middle. The spire collapsed as a result of the earthquake. Taken during a scenic flight over Christchurch, New Zealand, 3 months after the deadly earthquake of 22 February, 2011. Much of the inner city CBD is still cordoned off and will be for some time. About 900 buildings are ...

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A digital copy of a concept drawing of Crack'd for Christchurch's armchair and ottoman artworks. The drawing is of an armchair and an ottoman. A written note near the bottom of the drawing reads, "Cast iron legs sources from Victorian bath tubs".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

An aerial photograph of the Christchurch central city. The photograph has been captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "This photograph shows nearly all of the CBD. The two streets which are prominent in this photograph are Manchester Street on the left and Colombo Street on the right of the photograph. This photograph is from the north, looking towards the southern part of the city. Cathedral Square is about half way up, towards the right. It shows the extent of demolition that has happened already close to the river and near the Manchester/Gloucester Street intersection where there is a lot of bare land surrounding Radio Network House".

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

Ongoing climate change triggers increasing temperature and more frequent extreme events which could limit optimal performance of haliotids, affect their physiology and biochemistry as well as influencing their population structure. Haliotids are a valuable nearshore fishery in a number of countries and many are showing a collapse of stocks because of overexploitation, environmental changes, loss of habitat, and disease. The haliotid in New Zealand commonly referred to as the blackfoot pāua (Haliotis iris) contribute a large and critical cultural, recreational and economic resource. Little was known about pāua responses to increasing temperature and acute environmental factors, as well as information about population size structure in Kaikoura after the earthquake 2016 and in Banks Peninsula. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of temperature on scope for growth (SfG); physiological and biochemical responses of pāua subjected to different combined stressors including acute temperature, acute salinity and progressive hypoxia; and describe population size structure and shell morphology in different environments in Kaikoura and Banks Peninsula. The main findings of the present study found that population size structures of pāua were site-specific, and the shell length and shell height ratio of 3.25 could distinguish between stunted and non-stunted populations. The study found that high water temperature resulted in a reduction in absorbed energy from food, an increase in respiration energy, and ammonia excretion energy. Surveys were conducted at six study sites around the Canterbury Region over three years in order to better understand the population size structure and shell morphology of pāua. The findings found that the population size structure at 6 sites differed. Both juveniles and adults were found in intertidal areas at five sites. However, at Cape Three Points, pāua were found only in subtidal zones. One of the sites, Little Port Cooper, had a stunted population where only two pāua reached 125 mm in length over three years. In addition, most pāua in Little Port Cooper and Cape Three Points were adults, while Seal Reef had mostly juveniles. Wakatu Quay and Omihi had a full size range of pāua. Oaro population was dominated with juveniles and sub-adults. Recruitment and growth of pāua were successful after the earthquake in 2016. Research into pāua shell morphologies also determined that shell dimensions differed between sites. The relationships of shell length to shell width were linear and the relationship of shell length to shell height was curvilinear. Interestingly, SL:SH ratio of 3.25 is able to be used to identify stunted and non-stunted populations for pāua larger than 90 mm in length. Little Port Cooper was a stunted population with mean SL:SH ratio being 3.16. In the laboratory, scope for growth of pāua was investigated at four different temperatures of 12oC, 15oC, 18oC and 21oC over four weeks’ acclimation. The current study has found that SfG of pāua highly depended on temperature. Absorbed energy and respiration energy accounted for the highest proportion of the SfG of pāua. The respiration energy of pāua accounted for approximately 36%, 40%, 49% and 69% of the absorbed energy at 12°C, 15°C, 18°C and 21°C, respectively. The pāua at all acclimation temperatures had a positive scope for growth. The study suggested that the SfG was highest at 15°C, while the value at 21°C was the lowest. However, SfG at 18°C and 21°C decreased after 14 days of acclimation. Because of maintaining almost unchanged oxygen consumption over four weeks’ acclimation, pāua showed their poor abilities to acclimate to an increase in temperature. Therefore, they may be more vulnerable in future warming scenarios. The physiological and biochemical responses of pāua toward different combined stressors included three experiments. In terms of the acute temperature experiment, pāua were acclimated at 12oC, 15oC, 18oC or 21oC for two weeks before stepwise exposure to four temperatures of 12oC, 15oC, 18oC and 21oC every 4 hours. The acute salinity change, pāua were acclimated at 12oC, 15oC or 18oC over two weeks. Pāua were then exposed to a stepwise decrease of salinity of 2‰ every two hours from 34 – 22‰. Regarding the declining oxygen level, pāua were acclimated at 15 oC or 18oC for two weeks before exposure to one of four temperatures at 12oC, 15oC, 18oC or 21oC in one hour. After that acute progressive hypoxia was studied in closed respirometers for around six hours. The findings showed that there were interactions between combined stressors, affecting physiology of pāua (metabolism and heart rate). This suggests that environmental factors do not have a separate effect, but they also have interactions that enhance negative effects on pāua. Also, both oxygen uptake and heart rate responded quickly to temperature change and increased with rising temperature. On the other hand, oxygen uptake and heart rate decreased with reducing salinity and progressive hypoxia (before critical oxygen tension - Pcrit). Pcrit over four acute temperature exposures, ranged between 30.2 and 80.0 mmHg, depending on the exposure temperature. Acclimation temperature, combined with acute temperature, salinity or hypoxia stress affected the biochemistry of pāua. Pāua are osmoconformers so decreased salinity resulted in reducing haemolymph ionic concentration and increasing body volume. They were hypo-ionic with respect to sodium and potassium over the salinity ranges of 34 - 22‰. Haemocyanin accounts for a large pecentage of haemolymph protein, so trends of protein followed haemocyanin. Pāua tended to store oxygen in haemocyanin under extreme salinity stress at 22‰ and extreme hypoxia around 10 mmHg, rather than in oxygen transport. In conclusion, pāua at different sites had different population structures and morphologies. Pāua are sensitive to environmental stressors. They consumed more oxygen at high temperatures because they do not have thermal acclimation capacity. They are also osmoconformers with haemolymph sodium and potassium decreasing with salinity medium. Under progressive hypoxia, pāua could regulate oxygen and heart rate until Pcrit depending on temperature. Acute environmental changes also disturbed haemolyph parameters. 12°C and 15°C could be in the range of optimal temperature with higher SfG and less stress when exposed to acute environmental changes. Meanwhile long term exposure to 21°C is likely to be outside of the optimal range for the pāua. With ongoing climate change, pāua populations are more vulnerable so conservation is necessary. The research contributes to improving fishery management, providing insights into different environmental stressors affecting the energy demand and physiological and biochemical responses of pāua. It also allow to predicting the growth patterns and responses of pāua to adapt to climate change.