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Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the earthquake damage to Cranmer Courts on the corner of Montreal and Kilmore Streets. The brick walls of the gables have crumbled at the top, and wooden bracing has been placed against them to limit further damage.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to the Crichton Cobbers Youth and Community Club. Large sections of the brick walls have collapsed, and two large beams lie across the rubble. Cordon fencing surrounds this and nearby buildings. The photographer comments, "A bike ride around the CBD. Old brewery, later a gym - Fitzgerald Ave".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to the Crichton Cobbers Youth and Community Club. Large sections of the brick walls have collapsed, and two large beams lie across the rubble. Cordon fencing surrounds this and nearby buildings. The photographer comments, "A bike ride around the CBD. Old brewery, later a gym - Fitzgerald Ave".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. Bricks have fallen from the walls, exposing the wooden framing beneath. Power lines between the house and a power pole have been stretched taut. The photographer comments, "The house and power pole have moved, stretching power lines taut as a guitar string".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A view down Victoria Street from the corner of Victoria Street and Bealey Avenue. On the left is the damaged Knox Church, where the brick has crumbled but the wooden roof frame is still intact. Behind is the the BDO building and on the left is an empty demolition site.

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

The connections between walls of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings and flexible timber diaphragms are critical building components that must perform adequately before desirable earthquake response of URM buildings may be achieved. Field observations made during the initial reconnaissance and the subsequent damage surveys of clay brick URM buildings following the 2010/2011 Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquakes revealed numerous cases where anchor connections joining masonry walls or parapets with roof or floor diaphragms appeared to have failed prematurely. These observations were more frequent for adhesive anchor connections than for through-bolt connections (i.e., anchorages having plates on the exterior facade of the masonry walls). Subsequently, an in-field test program was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate the performance of adhesive anchor connections between unreinforced clay brick URM walls and roof or floor diaphragm. The study consisted of a total of almost 400 anchor tests conducted in eleven existing URM buildings located in Christchurch, Whanganui and Auckland. Specific objectives of the study included the identification of failure modes of adhesive anchors in existing URM walls and the influence of the following variables on anchor load-displacement response: adhesive type, strength of the masonry materials (brick and mortar), anchor embedment depth, anchor rod diameter, overburden level, anchor rod type, quality of installation, and the use of metal mesh sleeves. In addition, the comparative performance of bent anchors (installed at an angle of minimum 22.5° to the perpendicular projection from the wall surface) and anchors positioned horizontally was investigated. Observations on the performance of wall-to-diaphragm connections in the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes, a summary of the performed experimental program and test results, and a proposed pull-out capacity relationship for adhesive anchors installed into multi-leaf clay brick masonry are presented herein. AM - Accepted Manuscript

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Asko Design building on Victoria Street. Mod's Hair can be seen to the right. The top of the facade of Asko Design has crumbled and fallen into the street, taking the awning with it. The side wall has also collapsed, exposing the inside of the building. Wire fencing and tape have been used to cordon the buildings off.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Asko Design building on Victoria Street. Mod's Hair can be seen to the right. The top of the facade of Asko Design has crumbled and fallen into the street, taking the awning with it. The side wall has also collapsed, exposing the inside of the building. Wire fencing and tape have been used to cordon the buildings off.

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

In the early morning of 4th September 2010 the region of Canterbury, New Zealand, was subjected to a magnitude 7.1 earthquake. The epicentre was located near the town of Darfield, 40 km west of the city of Christchurch. This was the country’s most damaging earthquake since the 1931 Hawke’s Bay earthquake (GeoNet, 2010). Since 4th September 2010 the region has been subjected to thousands of aftershocks, including several more damaging events such as a magnitude 6.3 aftershock on 22nd February 2011. Although of a smaller magnitude, the earthquake on 22nd February produced peak ground accelerations in the Christchurch region three times greater than the 4th September earthquake and in some cases shaking intensities greater than twice the design level (GeoNet, 2011; IPENZ, 2011). While in September 2010 most earthquake shaking damage was limited to unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, in February all types of buildings sustained damage. Temporary shoring and strengthening techniques applied to buildings following the Darfield earthquake were tested in February 2011. In addition, two large aftershocks occurred on 13th June 2011 (magnitudes 5.7 and 6.2), further damaging many already weakened structures. The damage to unreinforced and retrofitted clay brick masonry buildings in the 4th September 2010 Darfield earthquake has already been reported by Ingham and Griffith (2011) and Dizhur et al. (2010b). A brief review of damage from the 22nd February 2011 earthquake is presented here

Images, UC QuakeStudies

An abandoned residential property at 4 Waireka Lane in Bexley. The driveway is covered with weeds and silt from liquefaction. One of the garage doors is twisted and the other has 'HM' spray-painted on it. The number four has been spray-painted on the brick wall under the window.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to the church hall of St John the Baptist Church in Latimer Square. The roof has been weather proofed with plywood and there are cracks in the buildings masonry. The remains of fallen bricks can be seen on the footpath. A safety fence has been erected around the building.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to the church hall of St John the Baptist Church in Latimer Square. The roof has been weather proofed with plywood and there are cracks in the buildings masonry. The remains of fallen bricks can be seen on the footpath. A safety fence has been erected around the building.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A house in Christchurch with a red sticker on the window indicating that it is unsafe to enter. "No entry" and a large cross have also been spray painted on the front fence to warn people off. On the right side of the house, a tarpaulin can be seen covering a collapsed brick wall.