The inside of a tent set up in the Arts car park at the University of Canterbury after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The tents were used as temporary lecture rooms while the buildings were being checked for damage.
A digger demolishes Henry Africa's restaurant. The photographer comments, "A building housing a restaurant and a great little neighbourhood bar is finally coming down because of earthquake damage. The left half. Janes Bar and one of the upstairs flats were still standing today, but they'll be gone soon".
A stone gable wall of one of the buildings of the Beulah Christian Fellowship has partly collapsed, damaging the roof below. The photographer comments, "A bike ride around the CBD. I think this must be part of the Beulah Christian Fellowship. Taken from Edgeware Rd".
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Art Gallery Apartments on Gloucester Street. Both windows on the second floor of the building are broken. USAR codes have been spray painted on one of the bottom-storey windows.
A photograph of emergency management personnel standing in front of a block of earthquake-damaged buildings on Manchester Street. Large piles of rubble line the street. In the foreground a parked car has been crushed by falling rubble.
A photograph looking east up Cashel Street towards Colombo Street. Rubble from earthquake-damaged buildings is piled on both sides of the street. A van has been crushed by the rubble on the left side of the street.
A photograph looking south down Poplar Lane from the intersection of Lichfield Street. Bricks from earthquake-damaged buildings litter the lane. A car parked on the right side of the lane has been crushed by the falling bricks.
A photograph looking north up Colombo Street from the intersection with Gloucester Street. Rubble from earthquake-damaged buildings is sitting on both sides of the street. The road has been closed ahead with plastic fencing and road cones.
Reinforced concrete buildings that satisfied modern seismic design criteria generally behaved as expected during the recent Canterbury and Kaikoura earthquakes in New Zealand, forming plastic hinges in intended locations. While this meant that life-safety performance objectives were met, widespread demolition and heavy economic losses took place in the aftermath of the earthquakes.The Christchurch central business district was particularly hard hit, with over 60% of the multistorey reinforced concrete buildings being demolished. A lack of knowledge on the post-earthquake residual capacity of reinforced concrete buildings was a contributing factor to the mass demolition.Many aspects related to the assessment of earthquake-damaged reinforced concrete buildings require further research. This thesis focusses on improving the state of knowledge on the post earthquakeresidual capacity and reparability of moderately damaged plastic hinges, with an emphasis on plastic hinges typical of modern moment frame structures. The repair method focussed on is epoxy injection of cracks and patching of spalled concrete. A targeted test program on seventeen nominally identical large-scale ductile reinforced concrete beams, three of which were repaired by epoxy injection following initial damaging loadings, was conducted to support these objectives. Test variables included the loading protocol, the loading rate, and the level of restraint to axial elongation.The information that can be gleaned from post-earthquake damage surveys is investigated. It is shown that residual crack widths are dependent on residual deformations, and are not necessarily indicative of the maximum rotation demands or the plastic hinge residual capacity. The implications of various other types of damage typical of beam and column plastic hinges are also discussed.Experimental data are used to demonstrate that the strength and deformation capacity of plastic hinges with modern seismic detailing are often unreduced as a result of moderate earthquake induced damage, albeit with certain exceptions. Special attention is given to the effects of prior yielding of the longitudinal reinforcement, accounting for the low-cycle fatigue and strain ageing phenomena. A material-level testing program on the low-cycle fatigue behaviour of grade 300E reinforcing steel was conducted to supplement the data available in the literature.A reduction in stiffness, relative to the initial secant stiffness to yield, occurs due to moderate plastic hinging damage. This reduction in stiffness is shown to be correlated with the ductility demand,and a proposed model gives a conservative lower-bound estimate of the residual stiffness following an arbitrary earthquake-type loading. Repair by epoxy injection is shown to be effective in restoring the majority of stiffness to plastic hinges in beams. Epoxy injection is also shown to have implications for the residual strength and elongation characteristics of repaired plastic hinges.
A photograph of a detail of the front of Christ Church Cathedral. The upper part of the front wall has crumbled leaving the inside space exposed. Steel bracing has been placed against the wall to limit further damage.
A photograph of a damaged car on the top of the rubble from a demolished building on the corner of Colombo Street and Bealey Avenue. Wire fences and road cones have been placed around the rubble as a cordon.
A photograph of a damaged car on the top of the rubble from a demolished building on the corner of Colombo Street and Bealey Avenue. Wire fences and road cones have been placed around the rubble as a cordon.
A photograph of earthquake damage to the Cranmer Courts on the corner of Kilmore and Montreal Streets. Masonry and other rubble is sitting on the footpath in front. Wire fencing has been placed around the building as a cordon.
A photograph of a block of earthquake-damaged buildings on Manchester Street. The outer wall of the second storey has collapsed, the bricks and other rubble spilling onto the footpath. Several cars have been crushed by the falling rubble.
A photograph of the earthquake-damaged buildings and rubble on Colombo Street near the intersection of St Asaph Street. The walls of the top storey of the buildings to the left have crumbled, and bricks and other rubble have fallen onto the footpath and road below. Wire fencing and police tape have been placed across the street as a cordon.
A photograph looking north up Colombo Street across the intersection of Kilmore Street. The buildings on either side of the street have been severely damaged by the earthquakes. The rubble and other debris has since been cleared from the street and footpaths.
A house on Avonside Drive showing damage from the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Numerous cracks in the masonry can be seen, and several sections of brick have fallen off the walls. The building's porch has also collapsed. A pile of dried liquefaction is visible in the driveway.
The damaged chimney of a house on the corner of Galbraith Avenue and Avonside Drive. The top section of the chimney has fallen off and the whole chimney has moved away from the building's wall. The chimney has been weather proofed with a yellow tarpaulin.
The damaged chimney of a house on the corner of Galbraith Avenue and Avonside Drive. The top section of the chimney has fallen off and the whole chimney has moved away from the building's wall. The chimney has been weather proofed with a yellow tarpaulin.
The Durham Street Methodist Church. The top of the roof has broken away and is now boarded up. Bracing has been placed in the front of the building to hold it together and limit further damage from aftershocks. Scaffolding has been erected on the right side.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Christchurch Chinese Methodist Church on Papanui Road. The wall of the gable has crumbled, the bricks spilling onto the lawn below. Wire fencing has been placed around the building as a cordon.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Christchurch Chinese Methodist Church on Papanui Road. The gable wall has crumbled, the bricks and window frame falling onto the ground. Wire fencing has been placed around the building as a cordon.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to a building on Gloucester Street. Many of the windows have broken, and the glass litters the footpath in front. USAR codes have been spray-painted on the door of the Kosco Asian Supermarket.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to a concrete beam inside a building. The wall around the beam has been removed to access the beam. Concrete near the bottom of the beam has crumbled and the steel reinforcement inside is now exposed.
A photograph of an excavator clearing rubble from several earthquake-damaged buildings on Manchester Street. In the foreground a member of an emergency management team is watching on. Several other emergency management personnel can also be seen in the distance.
The damaged chimney of a house on the corner of Galbraith Avenue and Avonside Drive. The top section of the chimney has fallen off and the whole chimney has moved away from the building's wall. The chimney has been weather proofed with a yellow tarpaulin.
Damage to the Crichton Cobbers Youth and Community Club. Large sections of the brick walls have collapsed, and two large beams lie across the rubble. Cordon fencing surrounds this and nearby buildings. The photographer comments, "A bike ride around the CBD. Old brewery, later a gym - Fitzgerald Ave".
Damage to the Crichton Cobbers Youth and Community Club. Large sections of the brick walls have collapsed, and two large beams lie across the rubble. Cordon fencing surrounds this and nearby buildings. The photographer comments, "A bike ride around the CBD. Old brewery, later a gym - Fitzgerald Ave".
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the second story of the Observatory tower at the Christchurch Arts Centre. The front of the storey has collapsed, exposing the inside. A tarpaulin has been draped over the top and the roof of the building behind.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to a building on the corner of Hereford and Madras Street. Sections of the façade have crumbled, bricks spilling onto the road in front. Wire fencing has been used to block off half of Madras Street. In the background, emergency management personnel are working through the rubble of the CTV building site. A digger and a crane are parked on the site.