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Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a crushed car under the rubble from the earthquake damaged Cycle Trading store on Manchester Street. The store's main window has been broken and the doors left open. The photograph was taken shortly after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the earthquake damage to Poplar Street taken from Tuam Street shortly after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The road is completely covered by loose bricks and a car has been crushed. To the left, the corner of a building has collapsed, rubble falling into the street.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damaged shops on Manchester Street. The front wall of the top storey of these buildings has crumbled onto the street, crushing vehicles. Emergency personnel have spray painted the word "Clear" on the cars to indicate that they have been checked for trapped or injured people.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damaged shops on Manchester Street. The front wall of the top storey of these buildings has crumbled onto the street, crushing vehicles. Emergency personnel have spray painted the word "Clear" on the cars to indicate that they have been checked for trapped or injured people.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damaged shops on Manchester Street. The front wall of the top storey of these buildings has crumbled onto the street, crushing vehicles. Emergency personnel have spray painted the word "Clear" on the cars to indicate that they have been checked for trapped or injured people.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

The Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament on Barbadoes Street, severely damaged after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The domes on either side of the Cathedral have collapsed and are lying in the area in front. To the right, a crushed car can just be seen.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

The Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament on Barbadoes Street, severely damaged after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The domes on either side of the Cathedral have collapsed and are lying in the area in front. To the right, a crushed car can just be seen.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a member of an emergency management team walking down Cashel Street. In the background is a crushed van, piles of rubble from earthquake-damaged buildings, and partially-collapsed scaffolding. Wire fences have been placed in front of the buildings as cordons.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A car which was crushed by falling masonry from Wave House (Winnie Bagoes Pizza Bar) on Gloucester Street during the 22 February 2011 earthquake. Emergency personnel have spray painted the car with the word "Clear" to indicate it has been checked for trapped or injured people.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Edward Gibbon building on Madras Street. Sections of the top storey have collapsed and the bricks have spilled onto the road in front, damaging the awning and smashing several cars. In the foreground members of the Wellington Emergency Management Office Emergency Response Team are standing on the road.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a member of the New Zealand Police using a search dog to examine the rubble of the Caledonian Hall on Kilmore Street. There are two crushed cars amongst the rubble. To the right a member of an Urban Search and Rescue team is watching on.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A view across Wakefield Avenue to the Sumner Returned Services' Association Building and The Razza Bar and Bistro. A large rock has fallen from the cliff behind the buildings and crushed part of the Returned Services' Association Building. Smaller rocks have fallen onto the footpath and the road.

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

During the Christchurch earthquake of February 2011, several midrise reinforced concrete masonry (RCM) buildings showed performance levels that fall in the range of life safety to near collapse. A case study of one of these buildings, a six-story RCM building deemed to have reached the near collapse performance level, is presented in this paper. The RCM walls on the second floor failed due to toe crushing, reducing the building's lateral resistance in the east–west direction. A three-dimensional (3-D) nonlinear dynamic analysis was conducted to simulate the development of the governing failure mechanism. Analysis results showed that the walls that were damaged were subjected to large compression loads during the earthquake, which caused an increase in their in-plane lateral strength but reduced their ductility capacity. After toe crushing failure, axial instability of the model was prevented by a redistribution of gravity loads. VoR - Version of Record

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Several vehicles on Gloucester Street which have been crushed by falling masonry from Wave House (Winnie Bagoes Gourmet Pizza Bar). Emergency personnel have spray painted two of the cars with the word "Clear" to indicate they have been checked for trapped or injured people. The scene has been cordoned off by New Zealand Fire Service tape.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

I didn't even know the bookshelf had fallen on me till later that morning. When I saw the bookcase and books all over the bed, I was glad to be only 5 foot tall or my legs would have been crushed by sturdy books like 'A day in the life of the Soviet Union' and some thumping big art books, or even the cheapo board bookcase with half its shelves...

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of messages attached to the wire fencing around the Christchurch Chinese Methodist Church. A paper heart reads, "'The Lord is close to the broken hearted; He rescues those whose spirits are crushed' Psalm 24:18'. A message from the Japanese Red Cross Psychological Support Team reads, "Thank you, also from us, for your warm support. Our thoughts are with you always".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to Wave House on Gloucester Street (Winnie Bagoes Pizza Bar). The roof and left side of the building have collapsed and crumbled into the street, crushing several cars. Emergency personnel have spray painted two of the cars with the word "Clear" to indicate they have been checked for trapped or injured people. The scene has been cordoned off by New Zealand Fire Service tape.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to buildings along Norwich Quay in Lyttelton. To the left is the Lyttelton Hotel with a crumbled top. Bricks have fallen on the awning and all along the footpath. To the right is a cafe that was damaged severely in the earthquake. The front wall of the top storey has crumbled onto the street, crushing a car. Wire fencing and road cones have been used to create a cordon around the buildings.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to buildings along Norwich Quay in Lyttelton. To the left is the Lyttelton Hotel with a crumbled top. Bricks have fallen on the awning and all along the footpath. To the right is a cafe that was damaged severely in the earthquake. The front wall of the top storey has crumbled onto the street, crushing a car. Wire fencing and road cones have been used to create a cordon around the buildings.

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

During the Christchurch earthquake of February 2011, several midrise buildings of Reinforced Concrete Masonry (RCM) construction achieved performance levels in the range of life safety to near collapse levels. These buildings were subjected to seismic demands higher than the building code requirements of the time and higher than the current New Zealand Loadings Standard (NZS-1170.5:2004). Structural damage to these buildings has been documented and is currently being studied to establish lessons to be learned from their performance and how to incorporate these lessons into future RCM design and construction practices. This paper presents a case study of a six story RCM building deemed to have reached the near collapse performance level. The RCM walls on the 2nd floor failed due to toe crushing reducing the building’s lateral resistance in the east-west direction. A nonlinear dynamic analysis on a 3D model was conducted to simulate the development of the governing failure mechanism. Preliminary analysis results show that the damaged walls were initially under large compression forces from gravity loads which caused increase in their lateral strength and reduced their ductility. After toe crushing failure developed, axial instability of the model was prevented by a redistribution of gravity loads.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damaged buildings on Manchester Street. The facades have fallen, crushing the awnings below. The photographer comments, "Just after the aftershock settled on Tuesday afternoon, myself and colleagues fled our Tuam Street office to absolute devastation outside. We couldn't see more than a block in either direction due to the clouds of dust that had arisen from buildings that had just collapsed ... From here, we picked up our vehicles from the CCC car park and headed out to get out of the chaos to a position where we could check on loved ones. Heading first along Manchester Street, buildings that were already heavily damaged were now completely written off".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph looking east down Cashel Street towards the intersection of Colombo Street. A section of one of the buildings on the left has collapsed and the rubble has spilled onto the street. A van has been crushed by the fallen rubble. The message, 'clear', has been spray-painted on the windscreen of the van. In the foreground signs from several shops are still on the street. There is also earthquake damage to the building on the right. Sections of this building's facade have crumbled and the bricks have spilled onto the street below, damaging the awning.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Cars crushed between the collapsed levels of the Smiths City car park. The photographer comments, "Just after the aftershock settled on Tuesday afternoon, myself and colleagues fled our Tuam Street office to absolute devastation outside. We couldn't see more than a block in either direction due to the clouds of dust that had arisen from buildings that had just collapsed ... From here, we picked up our vehicles from the CCC car park and headed out to get out of the chaos to a position where we could check on loved ones ... eventually made it to Colombo Street where we slowly crawled past the horrific sight of the Colombo Street Smiths City over-bridge car park. Layers had collapsed onto each other and cars were sticking out of the gaps. Hopefully if anyone was inside they would have hit the ground and would be safe under the support of the cars either side of them".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Cars crushed between the collapsed levels of the Smiths City car park. The photographer comments, "Just after the aftershock settled on Tuesday afternoon, myself and colleagues fled our Tuam Street office to absolute devastation outside. We couldn't see more than a block in either direction due to the clouds of dust that had arisen from buildings that had just collapsed ... From here, we picked up our vehicles from the CCC car park and headed out to get out of the chaos to a position where we could check on loved ones ... eventually made it to Colombo Street where we slowly crawled past the horrific sight of the Colombo Street Smiths City over-bridge car park. Layers had collapsed onto each other and cars were sticking out of the gaps. Hopefully if anyone was inside they would have hit the ground and would be safe under the support of the cars either side of them".