
Staff at work in temporary office space in the Central Library after the earthquake.
Staff at work in temporary office space in the Central Library after the earthquake.
Students studying and socialising in the undercroft, a new student space under the library.
A digger breaking up concrete in the old bike stands area under the library.
Staff at work in temporary office space in the Central Library after the earthquake.
Students studying and socialising in the undercroft, a new student space under the library.
Second floor of the library, cleaned up and ready to use after the earthquake.
A digger breaking up concrete in the old bike stand area under the library.
The TimeBank book swap in front of the library. As the library has been closed since the earthquake, members of the community put together a book swap service which was later continued in the information centre.
Two workers on a cherry picker replace the ceiling tiles in the James Hight Library.
Two workers on a cherry picker replace the ceiling tiles in the James Hight Library.
Two workers on a cherry picker replace the ceiling tiles in the James Hight Library.
Staff outside the Henry Field Library, College of Education are happy about its re-opening.
Workers helping to remediate the space under the library for shops, banks, and eating areas.
Workers helping to remediate the space under the library for shops, banks, and eating areas.
Workers helping to remediate the space under the library for shops, banks, and eating areas.
Workers helping to remediate the space under the library for shops, banks, and eating areas.
Two workers on a cherry picker replace the ceiling tiles in the James Hight Library.
A worker with a pottle of resin, filing in cracks in the James Hight Library.
Two workers on a cherry picker replace the ceiling tiles in the James Hight Library.
Two workers on a cherry picker replace the ceiling tiles in the James Hight Library.
A photograph of Ruataniwha, the new Kaiapoi Library and Civic Centre on the corner of Williams Street and Raven Quay in Kaiapoi.
A photograph of Ruataniwha, the new Kaiapoi Library and Civic Centre on the corner of Williams Street and Raven Quay in Kaiapoi.
Workers laying tiles on the floor of the Undercroft, a new eating area under the library.
A staff member at work in temporary office space in the Central Library after the earthquake.
One of the workers helping to repair the damage to the James Hight Library, organising the books.
One of the workers helping to repair the damage to the James Hight Library, organising the books.
One of the workers helping to repair the damage to the James Hight Library, organising the books.
Tree mortality is a fundamental process governing forest dynamics, but understanding tree mortality patterns is challenging because large, long-term datasets are required. Describing size-specific mortality patterns can be especially difficult, due to few trees in larger size classes. We used permanent plot data from Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (mountain beech) forest on the eastern slopes of the Southern Alps, New Zealand, where the fates of trees on 250 plots of 0.04 ha were followed, to examine: (1) patterns of size-specific mortality over three consecutive periods spanning 30 years, each characterised by different disturbance, and (2) the strength and direction of neighbourhood crowding effects on sizespecific mortality rates. We found that the size-specific mortality function was U-shaped over the 30-year period as well as within two shorter periods characterised by small-scale pinhole beetle and windthrow disturbance. During a third period, characterised by earthquake disturbance, tree mortality was less size dependent. Small trees (,20 cm in diameter) were more likely to die, in all three periods, if surrounded by a high basal area of larger neighbours, suggesting that sizeasymmetric competition for light was a major cause of mortality. In contrast, large trees ($20 cm in diameter) were more likely to die in the first period if they had few neighbours, indicating that positive crowding effects were sometimes important for survival of large trees. Overall our results suggest that temporal variability in size-specific mortality patterns, and positive interactions between large trees, may sometimes need to be incorporated into models of forest dynamics.
The city centre and Tuahiwi Marae, the home of Ngāi Tūāhuriri, are now linked by names. The Anglican cathedral and Tuahiwi’s church, both called St Stephens, sit on land called Whitireia. Whitireia was the house of Paekia, the ancestor who landed on the North Island on the back of a whale at Tūranga, which is now the name of Christchurch’s city library.