Damage to a house in Richmond. Bricks have fallen from a wall, exposing the wooden framing beneath. The photographer comments, "The foundation and a section of the wall of the dining room have shifted and cracked. The dining room floor is very springy".
Damage to the Community of the Sacred Name building on Barbadoes Street. The gable ends of the building have collapsed, and bricks have fallen to the footpath below. The building is surrounded by security fencing. The photographer comments, "A bike ride around the CBD. Nunnery, Barbadoes St".
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Detail of the cracks in the building at the front of the Crichton Cobbers Youth and Community Club site on Fitzgerald Avenue".
Damage to the Fuze Restaurant and Bar on the corner of Oxford Street and Norwich Quay. The top of the building facade has crumbled into the street below and wire fencing has been placed around the building as a cordon.
Rubble from a collapsed building on Norwich Quay in Lyttelton. The front wall of a building has collapsed onto the street, crushing a car. To the left, the Lyttelton hotel can be seen with a damaged facade.
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The Christchurch Chinese Methodist Church on Papanui Road. The steeple was removed after the September earthquake. The future of church is unclear, but the church hall has been demolished".
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The Christchurch Chinese Methodist Church on Papanui Road. The steeple was removed after the September earthquake. The future of church is unclear, but the church hall has been demolished".
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Cranmer Courts on the corner of Montreal and Kilmore Streets. On of the gables has crumbled, the masonry falling to the footpath. A tarpaulin has been used to cover the hole.
A photograph of an alleyway between Gloucester Street and Cathedral Square. There is a pile of rubble near the end of the alleyway, fallen from the earthquake-damaged Base Backpackers building, behind the former Canterbury Times building on Gloucester Street. Scaffolding has also been constructed up the side of Base Backpackers.
A photograph of the Excelsior Sports Bar building shortly after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. Bricks from the walls above have crumbled and fallen to the street, taking the awning with it. People can be seen below, examining the building and attempting to leave the central city.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to Poplar Street taken from Tuam Street shortly after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The road is completely covered by loose bricks and a car has been crushed. To the left, the corner of a building has collapsed, rubble falling into the street.
Crushed cars outside Winnie Bagoes on Gloucester Street. The cars were crushed when the top storey of Winnie Bagoes crumbled and fell into the street. A USAR code has been spray painted on one of the cars.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to Kudos Hairdressers on the corner of Papanui Road and Mansfield Avenue. The façade of the building has crumbled, the bricks falling to the footpath. Police tape has been draped around the building as a cordon.
A retaining wall on Sumner Road in Lyttelton that is made from local volcanic stone. A section of the wall has collapsed during the 22 February 2011 earthquake, and the bricks cleared away since. A road cone has been placed by the slip to warn drivers.
A damaged building on Durham Street. Cracks can be been in the brickwork, as well as a pile of bricks from a damaged wall to the left. Wire fencing has been placed around the building as a cordon. USAR codes have been spray-painted on the front window.
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The damaged Crichton Cobbers Youth and Community Club. The photograph was taken from further along Fitzgerald Avenue where the damaged corner is not visible".
A house on Avonside Drive showing damage from the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Numerous cracks in the masonry can be seen, and several sections of brick have fallen off the walls. The building's porch has also collapsed. A pile of dried liquefaction is visible in the driveway.
Bricks from a demolished chimney lie on top of thick liquefaction silt in front of a house in St Albans. The photographer comments, "Our friend Chris Hutching's house. The front lawn and carport have 30cm or more of silt piled on top. He also had to remove a shaky chimney".
Bricks from a demolished chimney lie on top of thick liquefaction silt in front of a house in St Albans. The photographer comments, "Our friend Chris Hutching's house. The front lawn and carport have 30cm or more of silt piled on top. He also had to remove a shaky chimney".
A felt heart sewn to the wire fence in front of the Lyttelton Borough Council Chambers Building, a pile of bricks fallen from which are visible on the street. The heart provides a bit of beauty and hope to an otherwise depressing scene, the words "say yes often" embroided on the felt.
A photograph of the rubble from a demolished building on Bealey Avenue. Tape has been slung over the entrance to the property and a portaloo can be seen to the left of the photograph. USAR codes have been spray-painted on the brick fence.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to Cranmer Courts on the corner of Montreal and Kilmore Streets. The brick walls of the gables have crumbled at the top, and wooden bracing has been placed against them to limit further damage.
Damage to the Crichton Cobbers Youth and Community Club. Large sections of the brick walls have collapsed, and two large beams lie across the rubble. Cordon fencing surrounds this and nearby buildings. The photographer comments, "A bike ride around the CBD. Old brewery, later a gym - Fitzgerald Ave".
Damage to the Crichton Cobbers Youth and Community Club. Large sections of the brick walls have collapsed, and two large beams lie across the rubble. Cordon fencing surrounds this and nearby buildings. The photographer comments, "A bike ride around the CBD. Old brewery, later a gym - Fitzgerald Ave".
Damage to a house in Richmond. Bricks have fallen from the walls, exposing the wooden framing beneath. Power lines between the house and a power pole have been stretched taut. The photographer comments, "The house and power pole have moved, stretching power lines taut as a guitar string".
The connections between walls of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings and flexible timber diaphragms are critical building components that must perform adequately before desirable earthquake response of URM buildings may be achieved. Field observations made during the initial reconnaissance and the subsequent damage surveys of clay brick URM buildings following the 2010/2011 Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquakes revealed numerous cases where anchor connections joining masonry walls or parapets with roof or floor diaphragms appeared to have failed prematurely. These observations were more frequent for adhesive anchor connections than for through-bolt connections (i.e., anchorages having plates on the exterior facade of the masonry walls). Subsequently, an in-field test program was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate the performance of adhesive anchor connections between unreinforced clay brick URM walls and roof or floor diaphragm. The study consisted of a total of almost 400 anchor tests conducted in eleven existing URM buildings located in Christchurch, Whanganui and Auckland. Specific objectives of the study included the identification of failure modes of adhesive anchors in existing URM walls and the influence of the following variables on anchor load-displacement response: adhesive type, strength of the masonry materials (brick and mortar), anchor embedment depth, anchor rod diameter, overburden level, anchor rod type, quality of installation, and the use of metal mesh sleeves. In addition, the comparative performance of bent anchors (installed at an angle of minimum 22.5° to the perpendicular projection from the wall surface) and anchors positioned horizontally was investigated. Observations on the performance of wall-to-diaphragm connections in the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes, a summary of the performed experimental program and test results, and a proposed pull-out capacity relationship for adhesive anchors installed into multi-leaf clay brick masonry are presented herein. AM - Accepted Manuscript
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Asko Design building on Victoria Street. Mod's Hair can be seen to the right. The top of the facade of Asko Design has crumbled and fallen into the street, taking the awning with it. The side wall has also collapsed, exposing the inside of the building. Wire fencing and tape have been used to cordon the buildings off.
A photograph of a pile of rubble from a partially-demolished building on Tuam Street. The rubble is in front of the Team Hutchinson Ford building. Road cones and a wire fence have been placed on the street in the distance.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Asko Design building on Victoria Street. Mod's Hair can be seen to the right. The top of the facade of Asko Design has crumbled and fallen into the street, taking the awning with it. The side wall has also collapsed, exposing the inside of the building. Wire fencing and tape have been used to cordon the buildings off.
In the early morning of 4th September 2010 the region of Canterbury, New Zealand, was subjected to a magnitude 7.1 earthquake. The epicentre was located near the town of Darfield, 40 km west of the city of Christchurch. This was the country’s most damaging earthquake since the 1931 Hawke’s Bay earthquake (GeoNet, 2010). Since 4th September 2010 the region has been subjected to thousands of aftershocks, including several more damaging events such as a magnitude 6.3 aftershock on 22nd February 2011. Although of a smaller magnitude, the earthquake on 22nd February produced peak ground accelerations in the Christchurch region three times greater than the 4th September earthquake and in some cases shaking intensities greater than twice the design level (GeoNet, 2011; IPENZ, 2011). While in September 2010 most earthquake shaking damage was limited to unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, in February all types of buildings sustained damage. Temporary shoring and strengthening techniques applied to buildings following the Darfield earthquake were tested in February 2011. In addition, two large aftershocks occurred on 13th June 2011 (magnitudes 5.7 and 6.2), further damaging many already weakened structures. The damage to unreinforced and retrofitted clay brick masonry buildings in the 4th September 2010 Darfield earthquake has already been reported by Ingham and Griffith (2011) and Dizhur et al. (2010b). A brief review of damage from the 22nd February 2011 earthquake is presented here