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A photograph of a detail of street art on a building in New Brighton. The artwork consists of political and earthquake-related newspaper clippings pasted to a brick wall.
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "A view looking along Poplar Lane. Two weeks earlier the surface of the lane was clear".
A photograph of the earthquake damage to Poplar Street taken from Tuam Street shortly after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The road is completely covered by loose bricks and a car has been crushed.
Bricks that have fallen from the A and T Burt building on Ferry Road in Woolston that have been piled in a car park beside the building and enclosed in a safety fence.
A house on Oxford Street in Lyttelton with two rubbish skips outside. One of the skips has been partially filled with bricks. The house has been cordoned off by tape and road cones.
A bicycle chained to a safety fence advertising Around Again Cycles. On the pavement behind it a small cluster of bricks can be seen that have fallen from the building behind the fence.
A bicycle chained to a safety fence advertising Around Again Cycles. On the pavement behind it a small cluster of bricks can be seen that have fallen from the building behind the fence.
A precarious chimney on the roof of a house. The bricks have pulled apart from each other but the chimney is still holding together. It will need to be deconstructed and removed.
A photograph taken from Kanniga's Thai Food on Papanui Road showing the damage to the Carlton Hotel on the other side of the road.
A photograph of rubble from demolished buildings on St Asaph Street. An excavator has been parked on the road in front.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Gloucester/Manchester Street intersection (south-west corner) - containers are used to protect workers from debris falling in aftershocks".
A damaged building on the corner of Manchester Street and Bedford Row. There are large cracks in the brick pillars between the windows, and part of one pillar has collapsed, crushing the awning below.
A house on Dilworth Street in Riccarton. The chimney has crumbled, leaving bricks scattered on top of the roof. Plastic sheeting and blankets have been laid over the roof as weather proofing.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Our Lady Star of the Sea, Catholic School in Menzies Street, Sumner".
A photograph of damage to the Country Theme store on St Asaph Street. A sign in the window reads, "For rent".
A photograph taken from Kanniga's Thai Food on Papanui Road showing the damage to the Carlton Hotel on the other side of the road.
Double Dipper', a Gap Golf course on a the site of a demolished building. It has been built by Gap Filler out of planks of wood, stones, bricks and green felt.
The A and T Burt building on Ferry Road in Woolston. Cracks can be seen in the brickwork and a number of bricks have fallen from the top of the building.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to Poplar Street taken from Tuam Street shortly after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The road is completely covered by loose bricks and a car has been crushed.
The co-founder and Creative Director of Gap Filler, Coralie Winn, sorting bricks at the Lyttelton Petanque Working Bee, a Gap Filler project to create a garden and petanque court in an empty site in Lyttelton.
A photograph of rubble from demolished buildings on St Asaph Street. An excavator has been parked on the road in front.
Misplaced bricks on a wall outside a damaged house. The house behind appeared largely undamaged to the photographer, however the owner said "This is nothing, inside the house is a disaster".
The entrance way to the Caffe Roma coffee house on Oxford Terrace. Bricks from the facade above have fallen into the street and tape has been placed around the building as a cordon.
Bricks that have fallen from the A and T Burt building on Ferry Road in Woolston that have been piled in a car park beside the building and enclosed in a safety fence.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to Poplar Street taken from Tuam Street shortly after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The road is completely covered by loose bricks and a car has been crushed.
An abandoned residential property at 15 Seabreeze Close in Bexley. The front yard and footpath are covered with weeds and silt from liquefaction. A cluster of bricks lie in the grass.
Scaffolding on the side of the Windsor Hotel which has been bent by the collapse of the building's brick wall. The hotel's fire escape has buckled and become detached from the wall.
Damage to a house in Richmond. Part of the brick wall is visibly out of alignment, leaving large gaps at the corner of the house. The photographer comments, "Dining room exterior wall".
New Zealand’s stock of unreinforced masonry (URM) bearing wall buildings was principally constructed between 1880 and 1935, using fired clay bricks and lime or cement mortar. These buildings are particularly vulnerable to horizontal loadings such as those induced by seismic accelerations, due to a lack of tensile force-resisting elements in their construction. The poor seismic performance of URM buildings was recently demonstrated in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, where a large number of URM buildings suffered irreparable damage and resulted in a significant number of fatalities and casualties. One of the predominant failure modes that occurs in URM buildings is diagonal shear cracking of masonry piers. This diagonal cracking is caused by earthquake loading orientated parallel to the wall surface and typically generates an “X” shaped crack pattern due to the reversed cyclic nature of earthquake accelerations. Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) is a class of fiber reinforced cement composite that exhibits a strain-hardening characteristic when loaded in tension. The tensile characteristics of ECC make it an ideal material for seismic strengthening of clay brick unreinforced masonry walls. Testing was conducted on 25 clay brick URM wallettes to investigate the increase in shear strength for a range of ECC thicknesses applied to the masonry wallettes as externally bonded shotcrete reinforcement. The results indicated that there is a diminishing return between thickness of the applied ECC overlay and the shear strength increase obtained. It was also shown that, the effectiveness of the externally bonded reinforcement remained constant for one and two leaf wallettes, but decreased rapidly for wall thicknesses greater than two leafs. The average pseudo-ductility of the strengthened wallettes was equal to 220% of that of the as-built wallettes, demonstrating that ECC shotcrete is effective at enhancing both the in-plane strength and the pseudo-ductility of URM wallettes. AM - Accepted Manuscript
Damage to Christchurch city following the 22 February earthquake 2011. A crack in the road where the asphalt has lifted, possibly due to liquefaction. Cones have been placed along the crack to warn drivers of the irregular surface.