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Images, UC QuakeStudies

Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Local relief: Waimakariri District Mayor Ron Keating (left) receives a cheque for $100,000 from MainPower managing director Allan Berge at the Civil Defence headquarters set up in council's chambers. The money is targeted for Waimakariri families who have been hard hit by the earthquake".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of mattresses in Cowles Stadium, still in their plastic wrapping waiting to be unwrapped. The stadium was set up as a Civil Defence Report Centre after the 4 September 2010 earthquake and the mattresses were to be used as beds for those displaced by the earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of mattresses in Cowles Stadium, still in their plastic wrapping waiting to be unwrapped. The stadium was set up as a Civil Defence Report Centre after the 4 September 2010 earthquake and the mattresses were to be used as beds for those displaced by the earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of members of the Wellington Emergency Management Office at Cowles Stadium on Pages Road. The stadium was set up by Civil Defence as temporary accommodation for those displaced by the 4 September 2010 earthquake. In the background, members of Red Cross are working at the registration table.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of volunteers from the Wellington Emergency Management Office working at the reception in Cowles Stadium on Pages Road. The stadium was set up by Civil Defence as temporary accommodation for citizens displaced by the 4 September 2010 earthquake. One of the volunteers is holding a cat in a carrier.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Ray Whelan and Mark Osborne, from the Wellington Emergency Management Office, standing at a registration station in Cowles Stadium. The stadium was set up as a Civil Defence Report Centre after the 4 September 2010 earthquake. In the background, members of the Red Cross can be seen.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a map of Christchurch in a temporary Civil Defence headquarters set up at the Mainland Foundation Ballpark after the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Red, green and blue markings on the map indicate where flooding, sand and closures are located. Post-it notes and a key with a tag reading, "Manchester" are attached to the map.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of volunteers from the Wellington Emergency Management Office working at the reception area of Cowles Stadium on Pages Road. The stadium was set up as temporary accommodation for those displaced by the 4 September 2010 earthquake. To the right Tim Shadbolt, Mayor of Invercargill, is talking on a telephone.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of members of the Wellington Emergency Management Office working at the reception area of Cowles Stadium. The stadium was set up by Civil Defence as temporary accommodation for those displaced by the 4 September 2010 earthquake. A member of Red Cross is standing in front of the reception area talking to them.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a panaroma of Christchurch with Spencer Park, Parklands Library, QEII Park, Bottle Lake Forest, Cowles Stadium, Animal Control, and the Waste Water Treatment Plant labelled. The panaroma is on the wall of the temporary Civil Defence headquarters set up at the Christchurch Art Gallery after the 4 September 2010 earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Tim Shadbolt, Mayor of Invercargill, talking to members of Civil Defence at Cowles Stadium on Pages Road. The stadium was set up as temporary accommodation for those displaced by the 4 September 2010 earthquake. To the left, volunteers from the Wellington Emergency Management Office are working in the reception area of the stadium.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the entrance to Cowles Stadium on Pages Road. The stadium was set up by Civil Defence to serve as temporary accommodation for people displaced by the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Signs on the door read, "Civil Defence", "If you are unwwell with flu or cold, please go to the doctor and not enter" and "Welcome to Cowles Stadium. Earthquake affected people only - you must register with Red Cross to receive help. Other help go to Winz office, 154 Aldwins Road, Linwood. Please, no alcohol, no drugs on site. Food and drinks only in designated areas".

Images, Alexander Turnbull Library

Maori Party MP for Te Tai Tonga, Rahui Katene' is buried up to her neck in earthquake rubble as she reads a newspaper headline referring to her statement that the aftermath of the earthquake has demonstrated 'racism and ethnic profiling'. Rahui Katene's head is disintegrating and two engineers who are examining the damage decide that 'This can't be repaired, it needs to be condemned'. Rahui Katene says the authorities, who kicked a Christchurch family out of a welfare centre that was set up after the Christchurch earthquake that struck on the 4th September, should apologise for judging them too early and shaming them publicly. Mrs Katene was also concerned about claims that Maori youth were being targeted by police. "I've heard from whanau that in one particular area rangatahi who were volunteering in their community and helping their whanau were accused by police of theft. The whanau are trying to work these issues through with the police, but I'm growing concerned about what appears to be ethnic profiling." Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).

Audio, Radio New Zealand

Questions to Ministers 1. Hon DAVID CUNLIFFE to the Minister of Finance: Does he agree with Reserve Bank Governor Alan Bollard's assessment that the economic recovery is proving to be "slow and fragile"? 2. CRAIG FOSS to the Minister of Finance: What reports has he received on the economy? 3. Hon TREVOR MALLARD to the Minister for Economic Development: What specific actions has he taken since becoming Minister of Economic Development to secure the New Zealand film industry? 4. KATRINA SHANKS to the Minister of Housing: What reports has he received about the stakeholder engagement carried out by the Housing Shareholders' Advisory Group? 5. Hon CLAYTON COSGROVE to the Minister for Canterbury Earthquake Recovery: Will he support my recommendation to set up an advocacy support service to provide earthquake-affected residents with help in dealing with their private insurers to prevent them being shunted between these insurers and the Earthquake Commission? 6. Dr RUSSEL NORMAN to the Minister of Conservation: What steps, if any, is she taking to protect the unique, rare and threatened Nevis "Gollum galaxiid", a native fish species found only in the Nevis River in Central Otago? 7. GRANT ROBERTSON to the Minister for Tertiary Education: How does removing $55 million from industry training help the growth of the productive economy? 8. CHRIS AUCHINVOLE to the Minister for the Environment: What progress is the Government making in improving New Zealand's freshwater management? 9. SUE MORONEY to the Minister of Education: Does she stand by all her statements about subsidies and fee controls in early childhood education? 10. Hon RODNEY HIDE to the Attorney-General: Is it Government policy to exempt the holders of customary marine title from the application of the Resource Management Act 1991 and provide the holders with the sole right to give, or deny, a Resource Management Act permission right with no right of appeal or objection against the decision, as described in Bell Gully's Newsletter Update October 2010 on the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Bill? 11. Hon NANAIA MAHUTA to the Minister responsible for Whānau Ora: Is she satisfied with the process to shortlist Whānau Ora providers? 12. PESETA SAM LOTU-IIGA to the Minister of Energy and Resources: Why is the Government funding the Energy Spot advertising campaign?

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

Liquefaction of sandy soil has been observed to cause significant damage to infrastructure during major earthquakes. Historical cases of liquefaction have typically occurred in sands containing some portion of fines particles, which are defined as 75μm or smaller in diameter. The effects of fines on the undrained behaviour of sand are not however fully understood, and this study therefore attempts to quantify these effects through the undrained testing of sand mixed with non-plastic fines sourced from Christchurch, New Zealand. The experimental program carried out during this study consisted of undrained monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests performed on three different mixtures of sand and fines: the Fitzgerald Bridge mixture (FBM), and two Pinnacles Sand mixtures (PSM1 and PSM2). The fines content of each host sand was systematically varied up to a maximum of 30%, with all test specimens being reconstituted using moist tamping deposition. The undrained test results from the FBM soils were interpreted using a range of different measures of initial state. When using void ratio and relative density, the addition of fines to the FBM sand caused more contractive behaviour for both monotonic and cyclic loadings. This resulted in lower strengths at the steady state of deformation, and lower liquefaction resistances. When the intergranular void ratio was used for the interpretation, the effect of additional fines was to cause less contractive response in the sand. The state parameter and state index were also used to interpret the undrained cyclic test results – these measures suggested that additional fines caused less contractive sand behaviour, the opposite to that observed when using the void ratio. This highlighted the dependency on the parameter chosen as a basis for the response comparison when determining the effects of fines, and pointed out a need to identify a measure that normalizes such effects. Based on the FBM undrained test results and interpretations, the equivalent granular void ratio, e*, was identified from the literature as a measure of initial state that normalizes the effects of fines on the undrained behaviour of sand up to a fines content of 30%. This is done through a parameter within the e* definition termed the fines influence factor, b, which quantifies the effects of fines from a value of zero (no effect) to one (same effect as sand particles). The value of b was also determined to be different when interpreting the steady state lines (bSSL) and cyclic resistance curves (bCR) respectively for a given mixture of sand and fines. The steady state lines and cyclic resistance curves of the FBM soils and a number of other sand-fines mixtures sourced from the literature were subsequently interpreted using the equivalent granular void ratio concept, with bSSL and bCR values being back-calculated from the respective test data sets. Based on these interpretations, it was concluded that e* was conceptually a useful parameter for characterizing and quantifying the effects of fines on the undrained behaviour of sand, assuming the fines influence factor value could be derived. To allow prediction of the fines influence factor values, bSSL and bCR were correlated with material and depositional properties of the presented sand-fines mixtures. It was found that as the size of the fines particles relative to the sand particles became smaller, the values of bSSL and bCR reduced, indicating lower effect of fines. The same trend was also observed as the angularity of the sand particles increased. The depositional method was found to influence the value of bCR, due to the sensitivity of cyclic loading to initial soil fabric. This led to bSSL being used as a reference for the effect of fines, with specimens prepared by moist tamping having bCR > bSSL, and specimens prepared by slurry deposition having bCR < bSSL. Finally the correlations of the fines influence factor values with material and depositional properties were used to define the simplified estimation method – a procedure capable of predicting the approximate steady state lines and cyclic resistance curves of a sand as the non-plastic fines content is increased up to 30%. The method was critically reviewed based on the undrained test results of the PSM1 and PSM2 soils. This review suggested the method could accurately predict undrained response curves as the fines content was raised, based on the PSM1 test results. It also however identified some key issues with the method, such as the inability to accurately predict the responses of highly non-uniform soils, a lack of consideration for the entire particle size distribution of a soil, and the fact the errors in the prediction of bSSL carry through into the prediction of bCR. Lastly some areas of further investigation relating to the method were highlighted, including the need to verify the method through testing of sandy soils sourced from outside the Christchurch area, and the need to correlate the value of bCR with additional soil fabrics / depositional methods.