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Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a floating installation on the Avon River. The installation consists of two armchairs, a table and a floor lamp situated on a grass-covered platform, with net curtains hanging from the frame. It was created by students from Lincoln University's School of Landscape Architecture for Canterbury Tales, a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a floating installation titled The River on the Avon River. The installation consists of a floor lamp, dresser and stool situated on a grass-covered platform, with net curtains hanging from the frame. It was created by students from Lincoln University's School of Landscape Architecture for Canterbury Tales, a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a floating installation titled The River on the Avon River. The installation consists of four chairs and a table situated on a grass-covered platform, with net curtains hanging from the frame. It was created by students from Lincoln University's School of Landscape Architecture for Canterbury Tales, a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a floating installation titled The River on the Avon River. The installation consists of two armchairs, a table and floor lamp situated on a grass-covered platform, with net curtains hanging from the frame. It was created by students from Lincoln University's School of Landscape Architecturefor Canterbury Tales, a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a floating installation on the Avon River. The installation consists of four chairs and a table situated on a grass-covered platform, with net curtains hanging from the frame. It was created by students from Lincoln University's School of Landscape Architecture for Canterbury Tales, a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. The brick wall is badly cracked and twisted, and some bricks have fallen, exposing the lining paper and framing below. The driveway is cracked and covered in liquefaction. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd and recovery work around Richmond and St Albans. More shaking damage on the east wall of the living room at our house".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Two people examine damage to a house in Richmond. The brick wall is badly cracked and twisted, and some bricks have fallen, exposing the lining paper and framing below. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd and recovery work around Richmond and St Albans. The near wall is leaning at an alarming angle. I didn't like walking past it".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. Bricks have fallen from the walls onto the driveway, and a large gap between the concrete foundation and the wooden framing shows how much the house has moved. The photographer comments, "The foundations and brick cladding moved, but the timber wall remained in position. The gap grew to over 400mm by the time the house was demolished.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the earthquake damage to Knox Church on the corner of Bealey Avenue and Victoria Street. The brick walls of the gables have collapsed, exposing the building's wooden frame and the inside of the building. Wire fences and emergency tape have been placed around the building as a cordon.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a floating installation on the Avon River. The installation consists of dresser, stool and lamp, situated on a grass-covered platform, with net curtains hanging from the frame. It was created by students from Lincoln University's School of Landscape Architecture for Canterbury Tales, a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a house in Richmond. The brick wall is badly cracked and twisted, and some bricks have fallen, exposing the lining paper and framing below. The driveway is cracked and covered in liquefaction. The photographer comments, "These photos show our old house in River Rd and recovery work around Richmond and St Albans. More shaking damage on the east wall of the living room at our house".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A close-up photograph of a floating installation titled The River on the Avon River. The installation consists of four chairs and a table situated on a grass-covered platform, with net curtains hanging from the frame. It was created by students from Lincoln University's School of Landscape Architecture for Canterbury Tales, a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a floating installation titled The River on the Avon River. The installation consists of two armchairs, a table and a floor lamp situated on a grass-covered platform, with net curtains hanging from the frame. It was created by students from Lincoln University's School of Landscape Architecture for Canterbury Tales, a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a floating installation titled The River on the Avon River. The installation consists of two armchairs, a table and a floor lamp situated on a grass-covered platform, with net curtains hanging from the frame. It was created by students from Lincoln University's School of Landscape Architecture for Canterbury Tales, a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a floating installation titled The River on the Avon River. The installation consists of two armchairs, a table and a floor lamp situated on a grass-covered platform, with net curtains hanging from the frame. It was created by students from Lincoln University's School of Landscape Architecture for Canterbury Tales, a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a floating installation titled The River on the Avon River. The installation consists of two armchairs, a table and a floor lamp situated on a grass-covered platform, with net curtains hanging from the frame. It was created by students from Lincoln University's School of Landscape Architecture for Canterbury Tales, a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a floating installation titled The River on the Avon River. The installation consists of a floor lamp, dresser and stool situated on a grass-covered platform, with net curtains hanging from the frame. It was created by students from Lincoln University's School of Landscape Architecture for Canterbury Tales, a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a floating installation on the Avon River as part of Canterbury Tales. The installation consists of a floor lamp, dresser and stool situated on a grass-covered platform, with net curtains hanging from the frame. It was created by students from Lincoln University's School of Landscape Architecture for Canterbury Tales, a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a floating installation titled The River on the Avon River. The installation consists of two chairs, a lamp and a table, situated on a grass-covered platform, with net curtains hanging from the frame. It was created by students from Lincoln University's School of Landscape Architecture for Canterbury Tales, a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a floating installation titled The River, on the Avon River. The installation consists of four chairs and a table situated on a grass-covered platform, with net curtains hanging from the frame. It was created by students from Lincoln University's School of Landscape Architecture for Canterbury Tales, a carnivalesque procession and the main event of FESTA 2013.

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

A non-destructive hardness testing method has been developed to investigate the amount of plastic strain demand in steel elements subjected to cyclic loading. The focus of this research is on application to the active links of eccentrically braced frames (EBFs), which are a commonly used seismic-resisting system in modern steel framed buildings. The 2010/2011 Christchurch earthquake series, especially the very intense February 22 shaking, which was the first earthquake worldwide to push complete EBF systems fully into their inelastic state, generating a moderate to high level of plastic strain in EBF active links, for a range of buildings from 3 to 23 storeys in height. This raised two important questions: 1) what was the extent of plastic deformation in active links; and 2) what effect does that have to post-earthquake steel properties? This project comprised determining a robust relationship between hardness and plastic strain in order to be able to answer the first question and provide the necessary input into answering the second question. A non-destructive Leeb (portable) hardness tester (model TH170) has been used to measure the hardness, in order to determine the plastic strain, in hot rolled steel universal sections and steel plates. A bench top Rockwell B was used to compare and validated the hardness measured by the portable hardness tester. Hardness was measured from monotonically strained tensile test specimens to identify the relationship between hardness and plastic strain demand. Test results confirmed a good relationship between hardness and the amount of monotonically induced plastic strain. Surface roughness was identified as an important parameter in obtaining reliable hardness readings from a portable hardness reader. A proper surface preparation method was established by using three different cleaning methods, finished with hand sanding to achieve surface roughness coefficients sufficiently low not to distort the results. This work showed that a test surface roughness (Ra) is not more than 1.6 micron meter (μm) is required for accurate readings from the TH170 tester. A case study on an earthquake affected building was carried out to identify the relationship between hardness and amount of plastic strain demand in cyclically deformed active links. Hardness was carried out from active links shown visually to have been the most affected during one of the major earthquake events. Onsite hardness test results were then compared with laboratory hardness test results. A good relationship between hardness from onsite and laboratory was observed between the test methods; Rockwell B bench top and portable Leeb tester TH170. Manufacturing induced plastic strain in the top and bottom of the webs of hot rolled sections were discovered from this research, an important result which explains why visual effects of earthquake induced active link yielding (eg cracked or flaking paint) was typically more prevalent over the middle half depth of the active link. The extent of this was quantified. It was also evident that the hardness readings from the portable hardness tester are influenced by geometry, mass effects and rigidity of the links. The final experimental stage was application of the method to full scale cyclic inelastic tested nominally identical active links subjected to loading regimes comprising constant and variable plastic strain demands. The links were cyclically loaded to achieve different plastic strain level. A novel Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was incorporated during the tests of this scale, to confirm the level of plastic strain achieved. Tensile test specimens were water jet cut from cyclically deformed webs to analyse the level of plastic strain. Test results show clear evidence that cyclically deformed structural steel elements show good correlation between hardness and the amount of plastic strain demand. DIC method was found to be reliable and accurate to check the level of plastic strain within cyclically deformed structural steel elements.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a tape artist standing in front of the large tape art mural. Struan Ashby from Tape Art NZ stands at right of frame. The photograph was taken at Street Talk, a Tape Art residency held from 6 - 9 March 2014. Street Talk was a collaborative project between All Right?, Healthy Christchurch and Tape Art NZ that had Christchurch communities create large tape art murals on the south wall of Community and Public Health.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Erica Duthie (left) and other tape artists in front of their creation - a large tape art mural. Erica Duthie from Tape Art NZ sits at left of frame. The photograph was taken at Street Talk, a Tape Art residency held from 6 - 9 March 2014. Street Talk was a collaborative project between All Right?, Healthy Christchurch and Tape Art NZ that had Christchurch communities create large tape art murals on the south wall of Community and Public Health.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of Erica Duthie (left) and other tape artists in front of their creation - a large tape art mural. Erica Duthie from Tape Art NZ sits at left of frame. The photograph was taken at Street Talk, a Tape Art residency held from 6 - 9 March 2014. Street Talk was a collaborative project between All Right?, Healthy Christchurch and Tape Art NZ that had Christchurch communities create large tape art murals on the south wall of Community and Public Health.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

Seismic isolation is an effective technology for significantly reducing damage to buildings and building contents. However, its application to light-frame wood buildings has so far been unable to overcome cost and technical barriers such as susceptibility to movement during high-wind loading. The precursor to research in the field of isolation of residential buildings was the 1994 Northridge Earthquake (6.7 MW) in the United States and the 1995 Kobe Earthquake (6.9 MW) in Japan. While only a small number of lives were lost in residential buildings in these events, the economic impact was significant with over half of earthquake recovery costs given to repair and reconstruction of residential building damage. A value case has been explored to highlight the benefits of seismically isolated residential buildings compared to a standard fixed-base dwellings for the Wellington region. Loss data generated by insurance claim information from the 2011 Christchurch Earthquake has been used by researchers to determine vulnerability functions for the current light-frame wood building stock. By further considering the loss attributed to drift and acceleration sensitive components, and a simplified single degree of freedom (SDOF) building model, a method for determining vulnerability functions for seismic isolated buildings was developed. Vulnerability functions were then applied directly in a loss assessment using the GNS developed software, RiskScape. Vulnerability was shown to dramatically reduce for isolated buildings compared to an equivalent fixed-base building and as a result, the monetary savings in a given earthquake scenario were significant. This work is expected to drive further interest for development of solutions for the seismic isolation of residential dwellings, of which one option is further considered and presented herein.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

The damaged Knox Church on Bealey Avenue. The brick walls have collapsed, exposing the wooden structure beneath. The photographer comments, "Bealey Avenue is open to traffic, as are many of the side streets, and the damage to buildings along this street is quite impressive and perhaps just a small taste of the damage that lies beyond the cordon ... At the Hagley Park end of Bealey Avenue lies the Knox Church. This church suffered in the first earthquake and featured in the news a fair bit at the time. It's crazy to think that all that appeared to be damaged then were some bricks that had fallen from near the roof. Now, Knox Church is all but a wooden frame holding up a roof. It's eerie to drive past this large church and be able to look straight through it to trees on the other side".

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

Industrial steel storage pallet racking systems are used extensively worldwide to store goods. Forty percent of all goods are stored on storage racks at some time during their manufactureto- consumption life. In 2017, goods worth USD 16.5 billion were carried on cold-formed steel racking systems in seismically active regions worldwide. Historically, these racks are particularly vulnerable to collapse in severe earthquakes. In the 2010/2011 Christchurch earthquakes, around NZD 100 million of pallet racking stored goods were lost, with much greater associated economic losses due to disruptions to the national supply chain. A novel component, the friction slipper baseplate, has been designed and developed to very significantly improve the seismic performance of a selective pallet racking system in both the cross-aisle and the down-aisle directions. This thesis documents the whole progress of the development of the friction slipper baseplate from the design concept development to experimental verification and incorporation into the seismic design procedure for selective pallet racking systems. The test results on the component joint tests, full-scale pull-over and snap-back tests and fullscale shaking table tests of a steel storage racking system are presented. The extensive experimental observations show that the friction slipper baseplate exhibits the best seismic performance in both the cross-aisle and the down-aisle directions compared with all the other base-connections tested. It protects the rack frame and concrete floor from damage, reduces the risk of overturning in the cross-aisle direction, and minimises the damage at beam-end connectors in the down-aisle direction, without sustaining damage to the connection itself. Moreover, this high level of seismic performance can be delivered by a simple and costeffective baseplate with almost no additional cost. The significantly reduced internal force and frame acceleration response enable the more cost-effective and safer design of the pallet racking system with minimal extra cost for the baseplate. The friction slipper baseplate also provides enhanced protection to the column base from operational impact damage compared with other seismic resisting and standard baseplates.

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

The Christchurch region of New Zealand experienced a series of major earthquakes and aftershocks between September 2010 and June 2011 which caused severe damage to the city’s infrastructure. The performance of tilt-up precast concrete buildings was investigated and initial observations are presented here. In general, tilt-up buildings performed well during all three major earthquakes, with mostly only minor, repairable damage occurring. For the in-plane loading direction, both loadbearing and cladding panels behaved exceptionally well, with no significant damage or failure observed in panels and their connections. A limited number of connection failures occurred due to large out-of-plane panel inertia forces. In several buildings, the connections between the panel and the internal structural frame appeared to be the weakest link, lacking in both strength and ductility. This weakness in the out-of-plane load path should be prevented in future designs.