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Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

On 4 September 2010, a magnitude Mw 7.1 earthquake struck the Canterbury region on the South Island of New Zealand. The epicentre of the earthquake was located in the Darfield area about 40 km west of the city of Christchurch. Extensive damage occurred to unreinforced masonry buildings throughout the region during the mainshock and subsequent large aftershocks. Particularly extensive damage was inflicted to lifelines and residential houses due to widespread liquefaction and lateral spreading in areas close to major streams, rivers and wetlands throughout Christchurch and Kaiapoi. Despite the severe damage to infrastructure and residential houses, fortunately, no deaths occurred and only two injuries were reported in this earthquake. From an engineering viewpoint, one may argue that the most significant aspects of the 2010 Darfield Earthquake were geotechnical in nature, with liquefaction and lateral spreading being the principal culprits for the inflicted damage. Following the earthquake, a geotechnical reconnaissance was conducted over a period of six days (10–15 September 2010) by a team of geotechnical/earthquake engineers and geologists from New Zealand and USA (GEER team: Geo-engineering Extreme Event Reconnaissance). JGS (Japanese Geotechnical Society) members from Japan also participated in the reconnaissance team from 13 to 15 September 2010. The NZ, GEER and JGS members worked as one team and shared resources, information and logistics in order to conduct thorough and most efficient reconnaissance covering a large area over a very limited time period. This report summarises the key evidence and findings from the reconnaissance.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a sign in the Canterbury Quakes exhibition at the Canterbury Museum. The sign displays the number of aftershocks in Canterbury since the 4 September 2010 earthquake as of 9.00 am on the morning the photograph was taken. The tally was 9,787.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the damaged Provincial Council Chambers on Durham Street. The building's roof and walls have collapsed, as has the scaffolding which was erected to repair it after the 4 September 2010 earthquake.

Images, Alexander Turnbull Library

A tall building sways and groans, creaks and rumbles during an earthquake. Someone from inside at the top of the building says 'Earthquake? No... This is an extreme adventure activity that you'll be billed for later!' Context - The earthquakes in Christchurch and the Canterbury region. The three major ones were on 4th September 2010, 22 February 2011 and 13 June 2011 and there have been hundreds of aftershocks. Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

A view after the 7.1 magnitude earthquake in Christchurch 4 September 2010. Corner of Colombo and Byron Streets. Given a bit of a HDR process to add some of what I was "feeling" at the time.

Images, Alexander Turnbull Library

A weather map of New Zealand is shown beset with dreadful weather conditions that include cyclones and lightning strikes; there is also earthquake activity round the Canterbury region. Text reads 'Mother Nature's wild child... but who's the father?' Refers to the Canterbury earthquake of 4th September 2010 and the spring storms with wind, rain and snow in recent weeks. Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).

Images, Alexander Turnbull Library

A weather map of New Zealand is shown beset with dreadful weather conditions that include cyclones and lightning strikes; there is also earthquake activity around the Canterbury region. Text reads 'Now all we need is a plague of locusts...' Refers to the Canterbury earthquake of 4th September 2010 and the spring storms with wind, rain and snow in recent weeks. Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Canterbury Provincial Chambers on Durham Street. The top of the chamber has crumbled, and the masonry has fallen onto the footpath. Scaffolding which was erected after the 4 September 2010 earthquake has also fallen.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Canterbury Provincial Chambers on Durham Street. The top of the chamber has crumbled, and the masonry has fallen onto the footpath. Scaffolding which was erected after the 4 September 2010 earthquake has also fallen.

Images, Alexander Turnbull Library

Text at top left reads 'Where earthquakes come from' Below God and the devil stand on either side of a gaming board which shows a map of New Zealand placed on a numbered board. The croupier spins the numbers and says 'Faites vos jeux' while the devil furiously shakes the dice and God makes a peace sign and thinks 'Next move'..' Context - the apparently random nature of when and where earthquakes strike. Because of the Christchurch earthquakes of 4 September 2010 and 22 February 2011 many New Zealanders have been asking for more certainty about earthquake prediction which scientists cannot yet give them. Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).

Images, Alexander Turnbull Library

A man knocks at the door of a portaloo and asks if the sewer has been down long. The portaloo has a TV mast, a washingline, a letterbox, and flowers planted outside. In the background is a wrecked house. . Refers to the use of portaloos in parts of Christchurch since the earthquake of 4th September because of damage to plumbing infrastructure. Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Nathan Worner with his son James (age 2) outside his earthquake-damaged house. Mr. Worner has become frustrated trying to get EQC to recognise the damage to one the chimneys (covered with blue tarp.) caused by the September 4th Canterbury Earthquake".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Nathan Worner with his son James (age 2) outside his earthquake-damaged house. Mr. Worner has become frustrated trying to get EQC to recognise the damage to one the chimneys (covered with blue tarp.) caused by the September 4th Canterbury Earthquake".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Nathan Worner with his son James (age 2) outside his earthquake-damaged house. Mr. Worner has become frustrated trying to get EQC to recognise the damage to one the chimneys (covered with blue tarp.) caused by the September 4th Canterbury Earthquake".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "John Key on his visit to Kaiapoi and Hororata to meet badly-affected people and see the damage from the earthquake. John Key talks to Murray Rowlands, the Federated Farmers North Canterbury Grain and Feeds Chairperson, with Agriculture Minister David Carter. They are on the Deans' property in Homebush".

Images, Alexander Turnbull Library

The cartoon shows a platter of 'Brownbait patties $2 per kilo'. In the background is a 'contaminated' river. Refers to the contamination of Canterbury's waterways after the earthquake of 4th September which resulted in sewage pipes being damaged thus contaminating the rivers. This means that people should not be attempting to catch whitebait in these rivers during the annual whitebait season which is open between 15 August and 30 November. Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).

Images, Alexander Turnbull Library

Prime Minister John Key stands grinning on a cracked pedestal bearing the words 'Most popular P.M.' In the background is the Beehive flying a skull and crossbones flag. The landscape is a desert with cactus and dried bones and a vulture in a bare tree. A man and a woman comment that it looks as though the quake may have done damage in Wellington after all, that and the crash of the SCF fund. Refers to two major events in the Canterbury area in recent times that have incurred huge government costs; these are the collapse of the South Canterbury Finance Company and the earthquake that struck early Saturday morning 4th September. The South Canterbury Finance Company has been taken into receivership by the government which has guaranteed that all 30,000 fortunate high-risk investors will be paid out $1.6b thanks to the taxpayer. Treasury is assuming that the cost of the earthquake will reach $4 billion, including $2 billion worth of estimated damage to private dwellings and their contents, $1 billion of damage to commercial property, and $1 billion worth of damage to public infrastructure. There is a colour and a black and white version of this cartoon Quantity: 2 digital cartoon(s).