Liquefaction around a power pole in Pines Beach, after the September 4th earthquake.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Blue Lagoon Drive in Brooklands. The whole of this street is red zoned land. Some of the homeowners are unhappy with the land zoning as they believe that their area has much less impact from liquefaction than other red zoned areas. Some of the street lights are leaning, but the road seems in very good condition for a red zoned street and there is little evidence of liquefaction. Most red zoned streets have none of their original surface left, and the liquefaction is evident on all the verges and gardens".
Dried liquefaction silt in North New Brighton. The photographer comments, "This is the result of liquefaction which spewed out after the double earthquake in Christchurch. Having flowed into a shallow depression that was deep enough for a fair quantity of the silty liquid to settle and separate: the heavy sand below and a talcum powder like substance on top. Some of these are so delicate that a mouse crossing them would probably crack them. Here the sun has dried them out and they have contracted and curled up towards their centres".
Earthquake-triggered soil liquefaction caused extensive damage and heavy economic losses in Christchurch during the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquakes. The most severe manifestations of liquefaction were associated with the presence of natural deposits of clean sands and silty sands of fluvial origin. However, liquefaction resistance of fines-containing sands is commonly inferred from empirical relationships based on clean sands (i.e. sands with less than 5% fines). Hence, existing evaluation methods have poor accuracy when applied to silty sands. The liquefaction behaviour of Christchurch fines-containing (silty) sands is investigated through a series of Direct Simple Shear (DSS) tests. This type of test better resembles earthquake loading conditions in soil deposits compared to cyclic triaxial tests. Soil specimens are reconstituted in the laboratory with the water sedimentation technique. This preparation method yields soil fabrics similar to those encountered in fluvial soil deposits, which are common in the Christchurch area. Test results provide preliminary indications on how void ratio, relative density, preparation method and fines content influence the cyclic liquefaction behaviour of sand-silt mixtures depending on the properties of host sand and silt.
A photograph of liquefaction in the front yard of a residential property on Avonside Drive.
Flooding and liquefaction on the corner of Edward Avenue and Geraldine Street in St Albans.
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Volunteers help clean up liquefaction on Acland Avenue. Volunteer Ewart Ward".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Volunteers help clean up liquefaction on Acland Avenue. Volunteer Tom Hutchison
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Volunteers help clean up liquefaction on Acland Avenue. Volunteer Tom Hutchison
A motorcycle embedded in liquefaction and floods that cover the road in a residential area.
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Volunteers help clean up liquefaction on Acland Avenue. Volunteer Ewart Ward".
A photograph of piles of liquefaction on the side of a residential street in Christchurch.
A motorcycle embedded in liquefaction and floods that cover the road in a residential area.
Residents shoveling silt in back yard that has been entirely covered in silt from liquefaction.
Liquefaction on the side of a road in Avonside after the September 4th earthquake.
The road, driveway and footpath are covered in silt from liquefaction in a residential area.
The road, driveway and footpath are covered in silt from liquefaction in a residential area.
The road, driveway and footpath are covered in silt from liquefaction in a residential area.
The road, driveway and footpath are covered in silt from liquefaction in a residential area.
The road, driveway and footpath are covered in silt from liquefaction in a residential area.
The road, driveway and footpath are covered in silt from liquefaction in a residential area.
Build up of liquefaction that has seeped from the ground onto the road and footpath.
Residents shoveling silt in back yard that has been entirely covered in silt from liquefaction.
Liquefaction in a horse paddock. In the foreground cracks are visible in the road surface.
The road, driveway and footpath are covered in silt from liquefaction in a residential area.
A photograph of tents and shipping containers in Hagley Park which were to be part of the Ellerslie International Flower Show. The show was cancelled in the aftermath of the 22 February 2011 earthquake. In the foreground of this photograph, liquefaction can still be seen on the grass.
Leader of the Student Volunteer Army, Sam Johnston, speaking to students from on top of the ENSOC fire engine in Burwood Park. The students have been enjoying a barbeque lunch break after volunteering to dig up liquefaction as part of the Student Volunteer Army.
Workers use a large water-blasting pipe to clear blocked drains. The photographer comments, "The Australian company Barry Bros Turned up very late at night to clean out our street drains of liquefaction".
A photograph of a large hole on Woodham Road near the intersection with Ngarimu Street. Road cones have been placed around the hole to warn road users. In the distance, a pile of liquefaction has been placed on the left side of the road.
An aerial photograph of St Paul's School in Dallington. The photograph has been captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "St Pauls School, 17 Gayhurst Road, suffered badly from liquefaction in the September earthquake. This area is all red zoned".