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A photograph of the earthquake damage to a room inside a house in Christchurch. Large sections of the plaster have crumbled from the walls, revealing the brick wall underneath.
A photograph of a weather-worn graffiti paste-up of a sticking plaster on a damaged wall. The photograph is captioned by Paul Corliss, "Gap Filler Monopoly Board site, corner Manchester and Dundas Streets".
A view of the interior of the Durham Street Methodist Church. The benches and pieces of wood have been covered in dust and chips of plaster from the building's walls and ceiling.
A photograph of a weather-worn graffiti paste-up of a sticking plaster on a damaged wall. The photograph is captioned by Paul Corliss, "Gap Filler Monopoly Board site, corner Manchester and Dundas Streets".
Cracking in the plaster work of the side wall of a building in the central city. The bricks that make up the wall have shaken apart and are threatening to topple.
A photograph of members of the Wellington Emergency Management Office Emergency Response Team descending the stairs in the Crowne Plaza Hotel. Pieces of plaster and paint have crumbled from the walls.
A view of the interior of the Durham Street Methodist Church hall. The floor has been coated with plaster from the walls and ceiling, and items of furniture have been stacked up around the walls.
A stack of letter tiles resting on a bench inside the Durham Street Methodist Church. The bench has been covered with dust and chips of plaster that have come off the building's walls.
Windows of the Durham Street Methodist Church that have been braced and weather proofed with timber. The plaster around them is badly cracked, and a section has fallen away, revealing the brick work underneath.
A view of the interior of the Durham Street Methodist Church hall. The floor has been coated with plaster from the walls and ceiling, and items of furniture have been stacked up around the walls.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "A series of bandaid images appeared across the city on badly damaged buildings. This one is at Knox Church".
Internal damage to a house in Richmond. Wallboard has broken away in the upper corner of a room, exposing the brickwork. The photographer comments, "Cracks in the wall of the sunroom. A lot of the plaster has subsequently fallen off the bricks".
Attendees of the 2011 United States New Zealand Partnership Forum sitting outside the Christchurch Art Gallery shortly after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. One of the attendees has a blue plaster over the bridge of his nose.
A photograph of the Peaches and Cream store on the corner of Tuam and Manchester Streets taken shortly after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The shop windows have broken and plaster work has chipped off the corner of the building, onto the street.
The Durham Street Methodist Church Roll of Honour, commemorating soldiers who died in World War One. The wall it is set on to is badly cracked and sections of plaster have chipped away revealing the stone work underneath.
The Durham Street Methodist Church Roll of Honour, commemorating soldiers who died in World War One. The wall it is set on to is badly cracked and sections of plaster have chipped away revealing the stone work underneath.
A stack of letter tiles resting on a bench inside the Durham Street Methodist Church. The bench and the floor around it has been covered with dust and chips of plaster that have come off the building's walls.
Plaster on the floor of the Durham Street Methodist Church that has chipped away from the walls and ceiling of the building. In the background a window that has been braced and weather proofed with timber can be seen.
A damaged brick building has wooden bracing holding the walls together. The photographer comments, "This building came through the September Christchurch quake with a few band aid plasters, but the February quake means that she is now DNR (Do Not Resuscitate)".
Damage to the wall around a circular window inside the Durham Street Methodist Church. The plaster around the window is badly cracked and has chipped away in some sections, revealing the brickwork underneath it. The window has been weather proofed with plywood and braced with planks of wood.
Damage to Lyttelton following the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The fish and chip shop on London Street (centre) has a collapsed gable and awning. Bricks, plaster and wood are lying where they fell on the footpath, as well as the broken sign. To the left is the Lava Bar which suffered severe structural damage after the earthquake.
The title reads 'Reserve Bank revises down growth foreCASTS'. The cartoon shows someone representing the 'Economy' with crutches and their leg In plaster - hence wordplay on 'cast' and 'forecast'. A statement made by the Reserve Bank on 16th September looked a shadow of the bright one it published three months ago. Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).
A building on St Asaph Street has been demolished, exposing the interior structure of the adjoining building. The photographer comments, "The building that this one was part of has been demolished and the join looks very much like the exterior walls of an Anglo-Saxon house. It has been exposed due to the demolition of damaged buildings after the Christchurch earthquake".
Damage to Lyttelton following the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The fish and chip shop on London Street (centre) has a collapsed gable and awning. Bricks, plaster and wood are lying where they fell on the footpath, as well as the broken sign. To the left is the Lava Bar which suffered severe structural damage after the earthquake. To the right, the Coastal Living store can be seen which was open after the September earthquake but pulled down after February.
Field surveys and experimental studies have shown that light steel or timber framed plasterboard partition walls are particularly vulnerable to earthquake damage prompting the overarching objective of this research, which is to further the development of low damage seismic systems for non-structural partition walls in order to facilitate their adoption by industry to assist with reducing the losses associated with the maintenance and repair cost of buildings across their design life. In particular, this study focused on the behaviour of steel-framed partition walls systems with novel detailing that aim to be “low-damage” designed according to common practice for walls used in commercial and institutional buildings in New Zealand. This objective was investigated by (1) investigating the performance of a flexible track system proposed by researchers and industry by experimental testing of full-scale specimens; (2) investigating the performance of the seismic gap partition wall systems proposed in a number of studies, further developed in this study with input from industry, by experimental testing of full-scale specimens; and (3) investigating the potential implications of using these systems compared with traditionally detailed partition wall systems within multi-storey buildings using the Performance Based Earthquake Engineering loss assessment methodology. Three full-scale testing frames were designed in order to replicate, under controlled laboratory conditions, the effects of seismic shaking on partition walls within multi-storey buildings by the application of quasi-static uni-directional cyclic loading imposing an inter-storey drift. The typical configuration for test specimens was selected to be a unique “y-shape”, including one angled return wall, with typical dimensions of approximately 2400 mm along the main wall and 600 mm along (approximately) the returns walls with a height of 2405 mm from floor to ceiling. The specimens were aligned within test frames at an oblique angle to the direction of loading in order to investigate bi- directional effects. Three wall specimens with flexible track detailing, two identical plane specimens and the third including a doorway, were tested. The detailing involved removing top track anchors within the proximity of wall intersections, thus allowing the tracks to ‘bow’ out at these locations. Although the top track anchors were specified to be removed the proximity of wall intersections, a construction error was made whereby a single top track slab to concrete anchor was left in at the three-way wall junction. Despite this error, the experimental testing was deemed worthwhile since such errors will also occur in practice and because the behaviour of the wall can be examined with this fixing in mind. The specimens also included an acoustic/fire sealant at the top lining to floor boundary. In addition to providing drift capacities, the force-displacement behaviour is also reported, the dissipated energy was computed, and the parameters of the Wayne-Stewart hysteretic model were fitted to the results. The specimen with the door opening behaved significantly different to the plane specimens: damage to the doorway specimen began as cracking of the wallboard propagating from the corners of the doorway following which the L- and Y- shaped junctions behaved independently, whereas damage to the plane specimens began as cracking of the wallboard at the top of the L-junction and wall system deformed as a single unit. The results suggest that bi-directional behaviour is important even if its impact cannot be directly quantified by the experiments conducted. Damage to sealant implies that the bond between plasterboard and sealant is important for its seismic performance. Careful quality control is advised as defects in the bond may significantly impact its ability to withstand seismic movement. Two specimens with seismic gap detailing were tested: a steel stud specimen and a timber stud specimen. Observed drift capacities were significantly greater than traditional plasterboard partition systems. Equations were used to predict the drift at which damage state 1 (DS1) and damage state 2 (DS2) would initiate. The equation used to estimate the drift at the onset of DS1 accurately predicted the onset of plaster cracking but overestimated the drift at which the gap filling material was damaged. The equation used to predict the onset of DS2 provided a lower bound for both specimens and also when used to predict results of previous experimental tests on seismic gap systems. The gap-filling material reduced the drift at the onset of DS1, however, it had a beneficial effect on the re-centring behaviour of the linings. Out-of-plane displacements and return wall configuration did not appear to significantly impact the onset of plaster cracking in the specimens. A loss assessment according to the PBEE methodology was conducted on four steel MRF case study buildings: (1) a 4-storey building designed for the Christchurch region, (2) a 4-storey building designed for the Wellington region, (3) a 12-storey building designed for the Christchurch region, and (4) a 12- storey building designed for the Wellington region. The fragility parameters for a traditional partition system, the flexible track partition system, and the seismic gap steel stud and timber stud partition systems were included within the loss assessment. The order (lowest to highest) of each system in terms of the expected annual losses of each building when incorporating the system was, (1) the seismic gap timber stud system, (2) the seismic gap steel stud system, (3) the traditional/baseline system, and (4) the flexible track system. For the seismic gap timber stud system, which incurred the greatest reduction in expected annual losses for each case study building, the reduction in expected annual losses in comparison to the losses found when using the traditional system ranged from a 5% to a 30% reduction. This reinforces the fact that while there is a benefit to the using low damage partition systems in each building the extent of reduction in expected annual losses is significantly dependent on the particular building design and its location. The flexible track specimens had larger repair costs at small hazard levels compared to the traditional system but smaller repair costs at larger hazard levels. However, the resulting expected annual losses for the flexible track system was higher than the traditional system which reinforces findings from past studies which observed that the greatest contribution to expected annual losses arises from low to moderate intensity shaking seismic events (low hazard levels).