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Images for outdoor; more images...

Images, UC QuakeStudies

The damaged Liquidity bar on Oxford Terrace, seen from across the river. Part of the parapet has collapsed, damaging the awnings below, and large planters in the outdoor seating area have toppled over.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a spray-painted message on a fence reading, "4 sale - handy mans dream. Mild reno's needed. Easy indoor/outdoor flow - with water feature!" The photograph is captioned by Paul Corliss, "New Brighton by QEII Drive".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a spray-painted message on a fence reading, "4 sale - handy mans dream. Mild reno's needed. Easy indoor/outdoor flow - with water feature!" The photograph is captioned by Paul Corliss, "New Brighton by QEII Drive".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a spray-painted message on a fence reading, "4 sale - handy mans dream. Mild reno's needed. Easy indoor/outdoor flow - with water feature!" The photograph is captioned by Paul Corliss, "New Brighton by QEII Drive".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

The outdoor area of the Coffee Corner at the Arts Centre photographed shortly after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The gable of the building crumbled during the earthquake, falling to the ground and bringing an awning down with it.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of people sitting in jackets and a blanket beside Julia Morison's artwork Tree Houses for Swamp Dwellers for an outdoor movie screening of Heavenly Creatures. The screening was part of Picture Palace Parade for FESTA 2014.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of emergency management personnel sitting on the outdoor staircase of a Stonehurst Accommodation building on Gloucester Street. A yellow sticker has been placed on the wall in the foreground, indicating that access to the building is restricted.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of people gathered at the corner of Gloucester Street and Colombo Street for Picture Palace Parade - a tour of Cathedral Square's historic cinema sites and outdoor movie screening of Heavenly Creatures. The event was part of FESTA 2014.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

The Buzz Coffee mobile coffee vender at Gap Filler's cycle-powered cinema. A sign stands next to it, reading, "Please, no parking. Feb 9.1911 - 15 - 18. Outdoor cinema and Gap Filler event here after 7pm those days with landowers' permission. Thanks".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Workers eat lunch at an outdoor table next to the Gap Filler Community Chess Set on Colombo Street. The Chess Set was a collaboration between Gap Filler and students at the University of Canterbury. The project aimed to restore the iconic Christchurch Chess Set that used to be played in Cathedral Square.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of members of the Clandeboye Emergency Response Team and the Red Cross Team working on High Street near the intersection with Manchester Street. In the background is a large pile of rubble from the ANZ Bank building. In the foreground the members have placed their bags on a group of outdoor chairs and tables still on the footpath.

Research Papers, Lincoln University

The urban environment influences the way people live and shape their everyday lives, and microclimate sensitive design can enhance the use of urban streets and public spaces. Innovative approaches to urban microclimate design will become more important as the world’s population becomes ever more urban, and climate change generates more variability and extremes in urban microclimatic conditions. However, established methods of investigation based upon conventions drawn from building services research and framed by physiological concepts of thermal comfort may fail to capture the social dynamics of urban activity and their interrelationship with microclimate. This research investigates the relationship between microclimate and urban culture in Christchurch, New Zealand, based upon the concept of urban comfort. Urban comfort is defined as the socio-cultural (therefore collective) adaptation to microclimate due to satisfaction with the urban environment. It involves consideration of a combination of human thermal comfort requirements and adaptive comfort circumstances, preferences and strategies. A main methodological challenge was to investigate urban comfort in a city undergoing rapid physical change following a series of major earthquakes (2010-2011), and that also has a strongly seasonal climate which accentuates microclimatic variability. The field investigation had to be suitable for rapidly changing settings as buildings were demolished and rebuilt, and be able to capture data relevant to a cycle of seasons. These local circumstances meant that Christchurch was valuable as an example of a city facing rapid and unpredictable change. An interpretive, integrative, and adaptive research strategy that combined qualitative social science methods with biophysical measures was adopted. The results are based upon participant observation, 86 in-depth interviews with Christchurch residents, and microclimate data measurements. The interviews were carried out in a variety of urban settings including established urban settings (places sustaining relatively little damage) and emerging urban settings (those requiring rebuilding) during 2011-2013. Results of this research show that urban comfort depends on adaptive strategies which in turn depend on culture. Adaptive strategies identified through the data analysis show a strong connection between natural and built landscapes, combined with the regional outdoor culture, the Garden City identity and the connections between rural and urban landscapes. The results also highlight that thermal comfort is an important but insufficient indicator of good microclimate design, as social and cultural values are important influences on climate experience and adaptation. Interpretive research is needed to fully understand urban comfort and to provide urban microclimate design solutions to enhance the use of public open spaces in cities undergoing change.