One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 6 September 2010 showing earthquake damage and a red placard on the red brick building of the Christchurch Chinese Methodist Church, 165 Papanui Road. The Christchurch Chinese Methodist Church on Papanui Road sustained severe damage during the 4 September 2010 earthquake. The red placards placed ...
One portrait colour digital photograph taken on 8 June 2011 of a sign advertising a Whakahorohoro Ceremony in Lyttelton. The sign is a printed piece of paper which has been laminated and attached to the fence on the site of Ground Delicatessen on the corner of London and Canterbury Streets. The cleared site is visible through the fence in the ba...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 25 February 2011 showing the damage to the former Anglican Vicarage on Ripon Street Lyttelton. Taken from the footpath. Architect The sense of loss felt when confronted with the collapse or demolition of an historic building is compounded when that building is also a home. While the community sees...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 28 April 2012 showing a painting of a steam train with seven visible carriages or wagons. A caption painted below the train reads "The Gravy Train" The painting was executed in blue on large curved concrete blocks of a temporary retaining wall in Cunningham Terrace, Lyttelton. The retaining walls...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 25 February 2011 showing earthquake damage to the Lyttelton Timeball Station. Also visible is damage to some of the houses in the foreground such as temporarily patched holes in roofs where chimneys have fallen. Architect The Lyttelton Timeball Station was completed in 1876. Its function was to p...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 16 June 2011 showing the eastern skyline of Lyttelton without the tower of the Timeball Station and Signal Mast. Part of the ground floor remains visible. The Holcim Cement Silos and Lyttelton Port of Christchurch log storage yard are visible in the foreground. Photograph taken from Oxford Street...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 19 November 2011 showing the site of the Albion Hotel/ Ground Delicatessen. After the demolition of the building the site was used for a Gap Filler initiative called the Lyttelton Petanque Club. The photograph shows the temporary furniture, landscaping and public Petanque court. The site formerl...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 19 November 2011 showing the corner of London and Canterbury Streets. Visible in the photograph (left to right) are the Lyttelton Library, Freemans Dining Room, Ray White Real Estate and Min Sargison Real Estate on London Street. The photograph is looking to the southeast. The site of the Timebal...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 26 May 2013 showing the southern cliffs of Godley Head. Taken from the middle of the shipping channel. Some earthquake damage to the cliffs is visible. There were several major rock falls along the coastal cliffs near Christchurch and Lyttelton Harbour. At Godley Head these caused damage to the W...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 19 November 2011 showing the site of the old Lyttelton Library, Council Chambers and Magistrates' Court on the corner of Oxford Street and Sumner Road. At the time of the 22 February 2011 Earthquake the building was in private ownership and was the premises of Moda Fotografica and a private resid...
One portrait colour digital photograph taken on 8 June 2011 of a sign advertising Matariki Celebrations in Lyttelton. The sign is a printed piece of paper which has been laminated and attached to the fence on the site of the Volcano Restaurant on the corner of London and Canterbury Streets. The cleared site is visible through the fence in the ba...
One portrait colour digital photograph taken on 15 April 2011 showing the demolition of Coastal Living Design Store on London Street. This photograph shows the building's flagpole being salvaged for the building owner during the demolition. Also visible are the stock and shop fittings which were unable to be retrieved. In Christchurch's Centra...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 15 April 2011 showing the demolition of Coastal Living Design Store on London Street. In Christchurch's Central Business District many of the high profile demolitions took place out of public view in the Red Zone. By contrast, the demolitions on London Street after the 22 February 2011 earthquake...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 16 June 2011 showing the site of the Timeball Station after its collapse. Part of the ground floor remains visible. Photograph taken from Oxford Street Overbridge. Architect The 13 June 2011 earthquakes caused the collapse of the already damaged Lyttelton Timeball Station. After the 22 February ...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 30 June 2011 showing earthquake damage to a section of retaining wall in Sumner Road. Plastic sheeting installed to stabilise previous damage and protect from water erosion is visible to the right of the photograph. Also visible in the photograph is a boarded up broken window and temporary safety ...
There is a now a rich literature on the connections between digital media, networked computing, and the shaping of urban material cultures. Much less has addressed the post-disaster context, like we face in Christchurch, where it is more a case of re-build rather than re-new. In what follows I suggest that Lev Manovich’s well-known distinction between narrative and database as distinct but related cultural forms is a useful framework for thinking about the Christchurch rebuild, and perhaps urbanism more generally.
Rapid, reliable information on earthquake-affected structures' current damage/health conditions and predicting what would happen to these structures under future seismic events play a vital role in accelerating post-event evaluations, leading to optimized on-time decisions. Such rapid and informative post-event evaluations are crucial for earthquake-prone areas, where each earthquake can potentially trigger a series of significant aftershocks, endangering the community's health and wealth by further damaging the already-affected structures. Such reliable post-earthquake evaluations can provide information to decide whether an affected structure is safe to stay in operation, thus saving many lives. Furthermore, they can lead to more optimal recovery plans, thus saving costs and time. The inherent deficiency of visual-based post-earthquake evaluations and the importance of structural health monitoring (SHM) methods and SHM instrumentation have been highlighted within this thesis, using two earthquake-affected structures in New Zealand: 1) the Canterbury Television (CTV) building, Christchurch; 2) the Bank of New Zealand (BNZ) building, Wellington. For the first time, this thesis verifies the theoretically- and experimentally validated hysteresis loop analysis (HLA) SHM method for the real-world instrumented structure of the BNZ building, which was damaged severely due to three earthquakes. Results indicate the HLA-SHM method can accurately estimate elastic stiffness degradation for this reinforced concrete (RC) pinched structure across the three earthquakes, which remained unseen until after the third seismic event. Furthermore, the HLA results help investigate the pinching effects on the BNZ building's seismic response. This thesis introduces a novel digital clone modelling method based on the robust and accurate SHM results delivered by the HLA method for physical parameters of the monitored structure and basis functions predicting the changes of these physical parameters due to future earthquake excitations. Contrary to artificial intelligence (AI) based predictive methods with black-box designs, the proposed predictive method is entirely mechanics-based with an explicitly-understandable design, making them more trusted and explicable to stakeholders engaging in post-earthquake evaluations, such as building owners and insurance firms. The proposed digital clone modelling framework is validated using the BNZ building and an experimental RC test structure damaged severely due to three successive shake-table excitations. In both structures, structural damage intensifies the pinching effects in hysteresis responses. Results show the basis functions identified from the HLA-SHM results for both structures under Event 1 can online estimate structural damage due to subsequent Events 2-3 from the measured structural responses, making them valuable tool for rapid warning systems. Moreover, the digital twins derived for these two structures under Event 1 can successfully predict structural responses and damage under Events 2-3, which can be integrated with the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method to assess structural collapse and its financial risks. Furthermore, it enables multi-step IDA to evaluate earthquake series' impacts on structures. Overall, this thesis develops an efficient method for providing reliable information on earthquake-affected structures' current and future status during or immediately after an earthquake, considerably guaranteeing safety. Significant validation is implemented against both experimental and real data of RC structures, which thus clearly indicate the accurate predictive performance of this HLA-based method.
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 25 February 2011 showing earthquake damage to the road, footpath and retaining wall on Norwich Quay. The photograph is taken from below the intersection of Norwich Quay and Canterbury Street looking east along Norwich Quay. Unlike most areas of Christchurch, land damage on the Port Hills was due ...
One portrait colour digital photograph taken on 25 February 2011 showing a helicopter using a monsoon bucket to wash away unstable rocks from cliffs behind the Lyttelton Container Terminal. One of the immediate priorities in Lyttelton was stabilising the transport routes both from Lyttelton to Christchurch and the port infrastructure so that go...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 25 February 2011 showing the temporary water tank installed on the grassy [local name for Lyttelton Main School Field] to provide drinking water for residents to collect when there was no town supply water. A temporary source of drinking water was needed following the 22 February 2011 earthquake...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 9 March 2011 showing a handmade heart cut from a cream woollen blanket with the words "KIA KAHA LONDON STREET" stitched on in a variety of colours of wool. A smaller heart of red fabric with a white heart pattern is stitched to the base of the heart. The artwork is tied to the fence with three str...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 19 November 2011 showing earthquake repairs being undertaken to the Irish Pub on the south side of London Street. The Lyttelton streetscape has changed dramatically from its pre-earthquake appearance and will continue to change as new buildings are erected on empty sections. In this photograph Lo...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 14 September 2012 showing the site of the Harbourlight Theatre on London Street. The retaining wall at the rear of the site collapsed and part of the adjoining land eroded. Also visible in the photograph are the side walls of the Bank of New Zealand and the former Westpac Branch, now Himalaya Desi...
One portrait colour digital photograph taken on 1 March 2011 showing earthquake damage to the Dry Dock Pump House. Photograph taken from Dampiers Bay Pile Moorings showing the eastern end of the building and the Cassion. Engineer The brick pump house for the Lyttelton Graving or Dry Dock was damaged in the 22 February 2011 earthquake. Lyttelton...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 9 March 2011 showing the temporary stall established by the Lyttelton Coffee Company London Street. The coffee machine is located in the porch of the Lyttelton Library with a gazebo and seating located on the footpath. One of the characteristics which has been evident in the response to the earth...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 22 March 2011 showing the demolition of the Dry Dock Pump House. Photograph taken from Brittan Terrace looking east over the Inner Harbour. Engineer The brick pump house for the Lyttelton Graving or Dry Dock was damaged in the 22 February 2011 Earthquake. Lyttelton Port of Christchurch decided to...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 22 March 2011 showing the demolition of the Dry Dock Pump House. Photograph taken from Cyrus Williams Quay beside the Cattle Jetty showing the southern side of the building. Engineer The brick pump house for the Lyttelton Graving or Dry Dock was damaged in the 22 February 2011 Earthquake. Lyttelt...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 11 May 2011 showing the town of Lyttelton looking north from the footpath of the Oxford Street Over bridge. The Lyttelton streetscape has changed dramatically from its pre-earthquake appearance and will continue to change as new buildings are erected on empty sections. In this photograph the dome...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 13 May 2011 looking northwest from the Gaol Steps. In the foreground is the edge of the Lyttelton Rose Garden, the safety fencing around the Upham Clock is visible. Below this is the intersection of Winchester and Oxford Streets. Prominent in the mid ground are the Catholic Church of St Joseph the...
One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 13 May 2011 showing Lyttelton Main School viewed from above near the top of the Gaol Steps between Oxford and St Davids Streets. The photograph is taken at an angle. Several subsequently demolished buildings are visible beyond the school including (from left to right) Lyttelton Police Station, th...