Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 352

Images, UC QuakeStudies

An exposed brick wall left after the demolition of the adjoining building. The internal wooden structure and cabling can now be seen.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 486

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A portaloo in Cranmer Square. In the background is a damaged property where the brick wall has crumbled, revealing the internal structures.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 481

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Earthquake damage to the Cranmer Centre. Bricks have fallen from the wall, exposing the inside rooms. Scaffolding has been placed around the building.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 484

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Detail of earthquake damage to the Cranmer Centre. Bricks have fallen from the wall, exposing the inside rooms. Wooden bracing supports the building.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 090

Images, UC QuakeStudies

View down an alley between two buildings, where the brick wall on the left building has partially toppled, blocking the alley with rubble.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 483

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Earthquake damage to the Cranmer Centre. Bricks have fallen from the wall, exposing the inside rooms. Scaffolding has been placed around the building.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 302

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Detail of damage around a property where the brick wall on the side of the building has crumbled, exposing the internal wooden structure.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 450

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Detail of a section of the brick wall on the Weston House which has crumbled. Cordon fencing has been erected around the property.

They Tried to Put Humpty Together Again

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A damaged brick building has wooden bracing holding the walls together. The photographer comments, "This building came through the September Christchurch quake with a few band aid plasters, but the February quake means that she is now DNR (Do Not Resuscitate)".

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 485

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Detail of earthquake damage to the Cranmer Centre. Bricks have fallen from the wall, exposing the inside rooms. Scaffolding has been placed around the building.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 1911

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a building on Colombo Street. It is surrounded by piles of brick and overgrown plants. Part of a graffitied wall is also visible.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 2187

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage property behind a fence. A front section of the house has already been removed, and bricks have fallen off a section of the wall.

Photograph of 448-452 Colombo Street (1)

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a painted sign on 448 Colombo Street, exposed after the brick wall which covered it was damaged by an earthquake.

Photograph of 448-452 Colombo Street (4)

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a painted sign on 448 Colombo Street, exposed after the brick wall which covered it was damaged by an earthquake.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 637

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A empty lot left after the demolition of a building. The brick wall on the adjoining building has crumbled, exposing the wooden structure beneath.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 1910

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a building on Colombo Street. It is surrounded by piles of brick and overgrown plants. Part of a graffitied wall is also visible.

Photograph of 448-452 Colombo Street (3)

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a painted sign on 448 Colombo Street, exposed after the brick wall which covered it was damaged by an earthquake.

Photograph of 448-452 Colombo Street (2)

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a painted sign on 448 Colombo Street, exposed after the brick wall which covered it was damaged by an earthquake.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 303

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A red-stickered house where a section of the brick wall has crumbled, exposing the inside of the house. Seen through the cordon fence.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 351

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A sign on the ground next to a exposed brick wall outside the former site for Piko Wholefoods. It reads "Piko. 248 Stanmore. Open".

Photograph of Excelsior Hotel, 120 Manchester Street (25)

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a painted sign on the Excelsior Hotel , exposed after the brick wall which covered it was damaged by an earthquake.

Pull-Out Behavior of Adhesive Connections in Unreinforced Masonry Walls

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

The connections between walls of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings and flexible timber diaphragms are critical building components that must perform adequately before desirable earthquake response of URM buildings may be achieved. Field observations made during the initial reconnaissance and the subsequent damage surveys of clay brick URM buildings following the 2010/2011 Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquakes revealed numerous cases where anchor connections joining masonry walls or parapets with roof or floor diaphragms appeared to have failed prematurely. These observations were more frequent for adhesive anchor connections than for through-bolt connections (i.e., anchorages having plates on the exterior facade of the masonry walls). Subsequently, an in-field test program was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate the performance of adhesive anchor connections between unreinforced clay brick URM walls and roof or floor diaphragm. The study consisted of a total of almost 400 anchor tests conducted in eleven existing URM buildings located in Christchurch, Whanganui and Auckland. Specific objectives of the study included the identification of failure modes of adhesive anchors in existing URM walls and the influence of the following variables on anchor load-displacement response: adhesive type, strength of the masonry materials (brick and mortar), anchor embedment depth, anchor rod diameter, overburden level, anchor rod type, quality of installation, and the use of metal mesh sleeves. In addition, the comparative performance of bent anchors (installed at an angle of minimum 22.5° to the perpendicular projection from the wall surface) and anchors positioned horizontally was investigated. Observations on the performance of wall-to-diaphragm connections in the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes, a summary of the performed experimental program and test results, and a proposed pull-out capacity relationship for adhesive anchors installed into multi-leaf clay brick masonry are presented herein. AM - Accepted Manuscript

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 573

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to the Library Chambers (former Christchurch Public Library) where cracks are clearly visible on the brick walls. The footpath around the building has been cordoned off.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 301

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a property where the brick wall on the side of the building has crumbled, exposing the internal wooden structure. Seen through the cordon fence.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 1909

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to a building on Colombo Street. It is surrounded by piles of brick and overgrown plants, and part of a graffitied wall is also visible.

Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 1923

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A brick wall has been spray painted after being cleared by a USAR team, this system was used following the February earthquake to mark buildings that have been checked.

Russ Botting Photograph 5

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of earthquake damage to the Crown Masonic Lodge on Wordsworth Street, also known as the Freemasons Centre. Sections of this brick wall at the front of the building have collapsed.

Russ Botting Photograph 9

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of earthquake damage to the Crown Masonic Lodge on Wordsworth Street, also known as the Freemasons Centre. Sections of this brick wall at the front of the building have collapsed.

Russ Botting Photograph 2

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of earthquake damage to the Crown Masonic Lodge on Wordsworth Street, also known as the Freemasons Centre. The brick wall on one side of the building has collapsed, exposing the interior.

Russ Botting Photograph 4

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of earthquake damage to the Crown Masonic Lodge on Wordsworth Street, also known as the Freemasons Centre. The brick wall on one side of the building has collapsed, exposing the interior.