A photograph of a major crack and soil uplift through a paddock next to Highfield Road in Darfield.
A photograph of a crack in the roof of an earthquake-damaged building at the University of Canterbury.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Structural cracking in the clock tower at The Arts Centre - Worcester Street".
Cracks in the river bank beside the Southern Region Coastguard Waimakariri-Ashley boathouse on Charles Street in Kaiapoi.
Cracks in the brickwork bellow the central dome of the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament on Barbadoes Street.
Cracks in the brickwork of the former Public Library on the corner of Hereford Street and Cambridge Terrace.
Cracks in the brickwork of the former Public Library on the corner of Hereford Street and Cambridge Terrace.
A photograph of a major crack and soil uplift through a paddock next to Highfield Road in Darfield.
Large cracks on a street in Avonside barred off with police tape after the September 4th earthquake.
Large cracks on a street in Avonside barred off with police tape after the September 4th earthquake.
Cones marking a crack in the centre of a street in Avonside after the September 4th earthquake.
Cracks in the parking lot in front of a store in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake.
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Crack in the wall of the new Press Building, Gloucester street".
A photograph of a crack in the floor of an earthquake-damaged building at the University of Canterbury.
Road cones mark off a large crack in River Road, where the road has slumped towards the river.
Cracks in the river bank beside the Southern Region Coastguard Waimakariri-Ashley boathouse on Charles Street in Kaiapoi.
During the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes, several reinforced concrete (RC) walls in multi-storey buildings formed a single crack in the plastic hinge region as opposed to distributed cracking. In several cases the crack width that was required to accommodate the inelastic displacement of the building resulted in fracture of the vertical reinforcing steel. This type of failure is characteristic of RC members with low reinforcement contents, where the area of reinforcing steel is insufficient to develop the tension force required to form secondary cracks in the surrounding concrete. The minimum vertical reinforcement in RC walls was increased in NZS 3101:2006 with the equation for the minimum vertical reinforcement in beams also adopted for walls, despite differences in reinforcement arrangement and loading. A series of moment-curvature analyses were conducted for an example RC wall based on the Gallery Apartments building in Christchurch. The analysis results indicated that even when the NZS 3101:2006 minimum vertical reinforcement limit was satisfied for a known concrete strength, the wall was still susceptible to sudden failure unless a significant axial load was applied. Additionally, current equations for minimum reinforcement based on a sectional analysis approach do not adequately address the issues related to crack control and distribution of inelastic deformations in ductile walls.
Damage to a building on Cashel Street. Windows have been boarded up, and there are cracks in the stonework.
The driveway of a house on Galbraith Avenue in Avonside showing cracks resulting from the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
A picket fence at 294 Avonside Drive. Cracks can be seen in the concrete of the fence's bottom section.
Cracks in the brickwork around one of the windows of the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament on Barbadoes Street.
A photograph of UC Geology students inspecting cracks and liquefaction at a BMX track near Anzac Drive in Bexley.
Cracks in the brickwork around one of the windows of the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament on Barbadoes Street.
Cracks in the brickwork around one of the windows of the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament on Barbadoes Street.
The garden path of a house on Robson Avenue in Avonside showing cracks from the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
Large cracks running down the mud brick chimney of Deans Cottage. The chimney has been supported by wooden bracing.
Damage to a building on Cashel Street. Windows have been boarded up, and there are cracks in the stonework.
Large cracks running down the mud brick chimney of Deans Cottage. The chimney has been supported by wooden bracing.
Cracks in the driveway and retaining wall of a residential property in Avonside, after the September 4th earthquake.
The damaged Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, seen from the south side. Large cracks are visible below the dome.