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Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Pieces of iron fretwork from the entrance to the Warners Hotel carefully laid on the ground in front of the building. Thisshows the careful salvaging which has taken place during the demolistion of many heritage building in order to be able to re-use significant pieces later".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

The laying of new sewers in Bridge Street, South Brighton. Road cones have been placed along the road works. Temporary road signs indicate that the current speed limit is 30 km/h. Diggers, four-wheel drive vehicles and a truck are parked beside piles of gravel and a yellow sewer pump.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A group of men stand with beer bottles. In the background, people are filling containers with water from a bore. The photographer comments, "My friend and crewmate Darren Armstrong was providing water from an artesian bore at his house on Marshland Rd. His roofing company employees stood around helping - and drinking beer".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Students from Avonside Girls High School eating lunch outside their temporary library building, built since the earthquake. The photograph has been captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The new buildings are low and brightly painted in strong colours. The mood is similar to the Container Mall Re:Start, with bright colours, low ceilings, and a spacious layout".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A view down London Street in Lyttelton. The road has been closed to traffic because of the unstable and damaged buildings in the area. On the left is the Empire Hotel where bracing has been placed on the front of the building. On the right is a shipping container in front of the damaged Wunderbar. The word 'coffee' has been spray painted on the side.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

The northern side of the Christ Church Cathedral with the cafe and store in the foreground. Shipping containers have been placed around the eastern side of the Cathedral to protect the road from falling debris. Wire fencing has also been placed around the building as a cordon. To the right, the damaged and party deconstructed tower can be seen with the missing spire which fell during the 22 February 2011 earthquake.

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

Soil-structure interaction (SSI) has been widely studied during the last decades. The influence of the properties of the ground motion, the structure and the soil have been addressed. However, most of the studies in this field consider a stand-alone structure. This assumption is rarely justifiable in dense urban areas where structures are built close to one another. The dynamic interaction between adjacent structures has been studied since the early 1970s, mainly using numerical and analytical models. Even though the early works in this field have significantly contributed to understanding this problem, they commonly consider important simplifications such as assuming a linear behaviour of the structure and the soil. Some experimental works addressing adjacent structures have recently been conducted using geotechnical centrifuges and 1g shake tables. However, further research is needed to enhance the understanding of this complex phenomenon. A particular case of SSI is that of structures founded in fine loose saturated sandy soil. An iconic example was the devastating effects of liquefaction in Christchurch, New Zealand, during the Canterbury earthquake in 2011. In the case of adjacent structures on liquefiable soil, the experimental evidence is even scarcer. The present work addresses the dynamic interaction between adjacent structures by performing multiple experimental studies. The work starts with two-adjacent structures on a small soil container to expose the basics of the problem. Later, results from tests considering a more significant number of structures on a big laminar box filled with sand are presented. Finally, the response of adjacent structures on saturated sandy soil is addressed using a geotechnical centrifuge and a large 1g shake table. This research shows that the acceleration, lateral displacement, foundation rocking, damping ratio, and fundamental frequency of the structure of focus are considerably affected by the presence of neighbouring buildings. In general, adjacent buildings reduced the dynamic response of the structure of focus on dry sand. However, the acceleration was amplified when the structures had a similar fundamental frequency. In the case of structures on saturated sand, the presence of adjacent structures reduced the liquefaction potential. Neighbouring structures on saturated sand also presented larger rotation of the footing and lateral displacement of the top mass than that of the stand-alone case.