A photograph of a concrete wall with steel reinforcement visible inside
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Canterbury Television Building on Gloucester Street. Some of the concrete on the columns has crumbled, revealing the steel reinforcement underneath.
A photograph taken inside the Crowne Plaza Hotel on the corner of Kilmore and Durham Streets. Steel bracing has been used to hold up the ceiling. The column on the left is damaged.
The Canterbury earthquake series of 2010/2011 has turned the city of Christchurch into a full scale natural laboratory testing the structural and non-structural response of buildings under moderate to very severe earthquake shaking. The lessons learned from this, which have come at great cost socially and economically, are extremely valuable in increasing our understanding of whole building performance in severe earthquakes. Given current initiatives underway on both sides of the Tasman towards developing joint Australasian steel and composite steel/concrete design and construction standards that would span a very wide range of geological conditions and seismic zones, these lessons are relevant to both countries. This paper focusses on the performance of steel framed buildings in Christchurch city, with greatest emphasis on multi-storey buildings, but also covering single storey steel framed buildings and light steel framed housing. It addresses such issues as the magnitude and structural impact of the earthquake series, importance of good detailing, lack of observed column base hinging, the excellent performance of composite floors and it will briefly cover research underway to quantify some of these effects for use in design.
A photograph of a steel cage with rope and harness equipment inside.
The old Civic Council Chamber's west wall reinforced with heavy steel bracing.
Steel bracing supporting the broken facade of the Oxford Terrace Baptist Church.
A photograph of the McKenzie & Willis building supported by steel bracing.
Steel and wooden structures protect Our City O-Tautahi from further damage.
A photograph of the McKenzie & Willis building supported by steel bracing.
A photograph of a mural on a wall in the former site of a building on Norwich Quay in Lyttelton. Sections of reinforcing steel have been laid up against the mural.
A photograph of emergency management personnel inspecting the earthquake damage to a concrete beam inside a building. The concrete near the bottom of the beam has crumbled and the steel reinforcement inside is now exposed.
Workers laying steel to strengthen the foundations of a building on Victoria Street.
A photograph of the Arts Centre with steel bracing holding up the walls.
A photograph of the Durham Street Methodist Church. The parapet at the tip of the front gable has come loose and is leaning towards the road. Steel bracing has been placed behind the parapet to keep it from toppling.
A photograph of the Carlton Hotel on the corner of Papanui Road and Bealey Avenue. The top storey of the building's walls have crumbled, the bricks spilling onto the street below. Steel bracing has been placed against the building to the left.
A photograph of signs under the rear section of the Forsyth Barr building. The signs reads, "Danger drop zone". In the background is rubble from an earthquake-damaged building . Steel bracing has been constructed around a concrete pillar to the right.
A photograph of a mural on a wall in the former site of a building on Norwich Quay in Lyttelton. Sections of reinforcing steel and other construction material have been laid up against the mural.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to a beam inside the basement of the Copthorne Hotel. A section of the concrete beam has crumbled to reveal the steel reinforcement underneath.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to a concrete beam inside a building. The wall around the beam has been removed to access the beam. Concrete near the bottom of the beam has crumbled and the steel reinforcement inside is now exposed.
A worker laying steel to strengthen the foundations of a building on Victoria Street.
St John's Church on Hereford Street with steel framework to stabilise the end wall.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Steel bracing being attached to 169 Hereford Street".
A photograph of the front of the badly-damaged ChristChurch Cathedral. The Rose Window has been removed and steel bracing is holding up the remains of the front facade. A large pile of rubble from the partially-demolished tower can be see to the left.
A photograph of the front of the badly-damaged ChristChurch Cathedral. The Rose Window has been removed and steel bracing is holding up the remains of the front facade. A large pile of rubble from the partially-demolished tower can be see to the left.
A photograph of the front of the badly-damaged ChristChurch Cathedral. The Rose Window has been removed and steel bracing is holding up the remains of the front facade. A large pile of rubble from the partially-demolished tower can be see to the left.
A photograph of the front of the badly-damaged ChristChurch Cathedral. The Rose Window has been removed and steel bracing is holding up the remains of the front facade. A large pile of rubble from the partially-demolished tower can be see to the left.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "152 Hereford Street - broken column supported by steel bracing".
Damage to a building on Hereford Street. Concrete has flaked away around steel reinforcing rods.
A photograph of concrete blocks and steel beams reinforcing a brick building on Hereford Street.