Christchurch has experienced a series of over 13,500 earthquakes between September 2010 and January 2012. Some children who have been exposed to earthquakes may experience post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD) including difficulty concentrating, feeling anxious, restlessness and confusion. Other children may be resilient to the effects of disaster. Western models of resilience relate to a child’s social support and their capacity to cope. The Māori model of wellbeing relates to whanau (family), wairua (spiritual connections), tinana (the physical body) and hinengaro (the mind and emotions). Children’s concepts of helping, caring and learning may provide insight into resilience without introducing the topic of earthquakes into the conversation, which in itself may provoke an episode of stress. Many researchers have studied the effects of earthquakes on children. However, few studies have examined positive outcomes and resilience or listened to the children’s voices. The objective of this study was to listen to the voices of children who experienced the Canterbury earthquake period in order to gain a deeper understanding of the ideas associated resilience. Individual interviews were conducted with 17 five-year-old participants during their first term of primary school. After the interviews, the teacher shared demographic information and reports on the children’s stress and coping. Six children were identified as New Zealand European and eleven children identified as New Zealand Māori. Children had different views of helping, caring and learning. Themes of resilience from Western and Kaupapa Māori models were identified in transcripts of the children's voices and drawings. Māori children voiced more themes of resilience associated with the Western model, and in the Tapa Whā model, Māori children's transcripts were more likely to be inclusive of all four components of well-being. How five-year-old children, having experienced an earthquake disaster during their preschool years, talk or draw pictures about helping, caring and learning can provide insight into resilience, especially in situations where it is not advisable to re-traumatise children by discussing the disaster event. Future research should interview parents/caregivers and whānau to gain further insights. Considering information from both a Western and a Tapa Whā perspective can also provide new insights into resilience in young children. A limitation of this study is that qualitative studies are not always free from a researcher’s interpretation and are, therefore, subjective.
The Canterbury region of New Zealand experienced four earthquakes greater than MW 6.0 between September 2010 and December 2011. This study employs system dynamics as well as hazard, recovery and organisational literature and brings together data collected via surveys, case studies and interviews with organisations affected by the earthquakes. This is to show how systemic interactions and interdependencies within and between industry and geographic sectors affect their recovery post-disaster. The industry sectors in the study are: construction for its role in the rebuild, information and communication technology which is a regional high-growth industry, trucking for logistics, critical infrastructure, fast moving consumer goods (e.g. supermarkets) and hospitality to track recovery through non-discretionary and discretionary spend respectively. Also in the study are three urban centres including the region’s largest Central Business District, which has been inaccessible since the earthquake of 22 February 2011 to the time of writing in February 2013. This work also highlights how earthquake effects propagated between sectors and how sectors collaborated to mitigate difficulties such as product demand instability. Other interacting factors are identified that influence the recovery trajectories of the different industry sectors. These are resource availability, insurance payments, aid from central government, and timely and quality recovery information. This work demonstrates that in recovering from disaster it is crucial for organisations to identify what interacting factors could affect their operations. Also of importance are efforts to reduce the organisation’s vulnerability and increase their resilience to future crises and in day-to-day operations. Lastly, the multi-disciplinary approach to understanding the recovery and resilience of organisations and industry sectors after disaster, leads to a better understanding of effects as well as more effective recovery policy.
A design guideline which provides guidance to designers on how to carry out a whole of life evaluation of rebuild options.
Page 17 of Section A of the Christchurch Press, published on Friday 20 December 2013.
An entry from Ruth Gardner's blog for 23 July 2013 entitled, "Empathy over Earthquakes".
Transcript of Aaron Tremaine's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.
A story submitted by Nicki Reece to the QuakeStories website.
Summary of oral history interview with Helen King about her experiences of the Canterbury earthquakes.
An entry from Deb Robertson's blog for 21 June 2013 entitled, "Buying New Zealand Made...".
Transcript of John's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.
A copy of the CanCERN online newsletter published on 11 January 2013
Transcript of Ivan's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.
Summary of oral history interview with Estelle Laugesen about her experiences of the Canterbury earthquakes.
Transcript of Fiona Clarkson's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.
Summary of oral history interview with Nellie about her experiences of the Canterbury earthquakes.
Transcript of Harry Kitkevics's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.
Transcript of David Woodings's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.
Transcript of May's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.
Transcript of Tish Hunter's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.
Transcript of Pete Cosgrove's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.
A copy of the CanCERN online newsletter published on 20 September 2013
The "Lyttelton Harbour Review" newsletter for 11 February 2013, produced by the Lyttelton Harbour Information Centre.
Transcript of participant number AP2511's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.
Transcript of R Falcome-Price's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.
Transcript of Annie's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.
Transcript of Sharon Whillis's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.
Transcript of participant number LY960's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.
Summary of oral history interview with Nippy about her experiences of the Canterbury earthquakes.
Transcript of Shaun's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.
Transcript of Vivien Welsh's earthquake story, captured by the UC QuakeBox project.