A photograph captioned by Paul Corliss, "River Road, Avonside".
A Port-a-loo placed in Cranmer Square.
A photograph captioned by Paul Corliss, "Bridge Street Bridge".
A Port-a-loo outside a residential property in Moncks Bay.
A Port-a-loo on the side of the road in Sumner.
A Port-a-loo on the side of the road in Sumner.
A Port-a-loo on the side of the road in Sumner.
A skip and Port-a-loos outside the Cathedral Grammar Girls' Preparatory School.
A photograph of a decorated Port-a-loo in the Botanic Gardens as part of the Festival of Flowers. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Bunty's Retreat. One of the Port-a-loos on the pine mound".
A photograph of a decorated Port-a-loo in the Botanic Gardens as part of the Festival of Flowers. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Excuse Me!!! One of the Port-a-loos on the pine mound".
A photograph of a decorated Port-a-loo in the Botanic Gardens as part of the Festival of Flowers. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Bunty's Retreat. One of the Port-a-loos on the pine mound".
A photograph of a damaged footpath on Cambridge Terrace.
A collage of photographs captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Port-a-loos come in many colours".
A view across the river looking towards Avonside Drive, lined with road cones and Port-a-loos.
A Port-a-loo wedged under the awning of a building on the corner of Menzies Street and Nayland Street in Sumner.
Avonside Drive, looking up Rodson Avenue. A pile of gravel can be seen, as well as road cones, Port-a-loos and fencing.
A damaged port-a-loo sitting among building rubble. A skull and crossbones and the words "No go" have been spray painted on the side.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Kingsford Street. Look at the number of Port-a-loos and the tanks for emptying chemical toilets in this street".
A woman walking beside the Avon River. Across the river a Port-a-loo has been set up for residents without functioning sewers as a result of the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
A view across the Avon River from Avonside Drive to a Port-a-loo that has been set up for residents without functioning sewers as a result of the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Christmas cone decorations linger on in Kingsford Street, Horseshoe Lake, Burwood".
A woman walking beside the Avon River on Avonside Drive. Across the river a Port-a-loo has been set up for residents without functioning sewers as a result of the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "A residential property at 464 Avonside Drive. The holding tank in the garden means the inside toilet can be used, rather than relying on a Port-a-loo.
A photograph submitted by Tim Kerr to the QuakeStories website. The description reads, "Some attempted to make their Port-a-Loo a little more homely. I took pleasure in maintaining this one in Locksley Ave".
A view down New Brighton Road where silt from liquefaction still remains on the street curb. A power pole in the foreground is on a noticeable lean and a Port-a-loo can be seen to the right.
A photograph of a shipping container used as a site office on Hereford Street. In front of the container are two Port-a-loos, and chairs taken from surrounding buildings sit on the footpath to be used as a staff break area.
A pile of rubble on the corner of Manchester and Worcester Streets. In the background, the Design and Arts College and the Heritage Hotel can be seen.
The greater Wellington region, New Zealand, is highly vulnerable to large earthquakes. While attention has been paid to the consequences of earthquake damage to road, electricity and water supply networks, the consequences of wastewater network damage for public health, environmental health and habitability of homes remain largely unknown for Wellington City. The Canterbury and Kaikōura earthquakes have highlighted the vulnerability of sewerage systems to disruption during a disaster. Management of human waste is one of the critical components of disaster planning to reduce faecal-oral transmission of disease and exposure to disease-bearing vectors. In Canterbury and Kaikōura, emergency sanitation involved a combination of Port-a-loos, chemical toilets and backyard long-drops. While many lessons may be learned from experiences in Canterbury earthquakes, it is important to note that isolation is likely to be a much greater factor for Wellington households, compared to Christchurch, due to the potential for widespread landslides in hill suburbs affecting road access. This in turn implies that human waste may have to be managed onsite, as options such as chemical toilets and Port-a-loos rely completely on road access for delivering chemicals and collecting waste. While some progress has been made on options such as emergency composting toilets, significant knowledge gaps remain on how to safely manage waste onsite. In order to bridge these gaps, laboratory tests will be conducted through the second half of 2019 to assess the pathogen die-off rates in the composting toilet system with variables being the type of carbon bulking material and the addition of a Bokashi composting activator.