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Impacts of liquefaction and lateral spreading on bridge pile foundations f…
Research papers, University of Canterbury Library
The Mw 6.2 February 22nd 2011 Christchurch earthquake (and others in the 2010-2011 Canterbury sequence) provided a unique opportunity to study the devastating effects of earthquakes first-hand and learn from them for future engineering applications. All major events in the Canterbury earthquake sequence caused widespread liquefaction throughout Christchurch’s eastern suburbs, particularly extensive and severe during the February 22nd event. Along large stretches of the Avon River banks (and to a lesser extent along the Heathcote) significant lateral spreading occurred, affecting bridges and the infrastructure they support. The first stage of this research involved conducting detailed field reconnaissance to document liquefaction and lateral spreading-induced damage to several case study bridges along the Avon River. The case study bridges cover a range of ages and construction types but all are reinforced concrete structures which have relatively short, stiff decks. These factors combined led to a characteristic deformation mechanism involving deck-pinning and abutment back-rotation with consequent damage to the abutment piles and slumping of the approaches. The second stage of the research involved using pseudo-static analysis, a simplified seismic modelling tool, to analyse two of the bridges. An advantage of pseudo-static analysis over more complicated modelling methods is that it uses conventional geotechnical data in its inputs, such as SPT blowcount and CPT cone resistance and local friction. Pseudo-static analysis can also be applied without excessive computational power or specialised knowledge, yet it has been shown to capture the basic mechanisms of pile behaviour. Single pile and whole bridge models were constructed for each bridge, and both cyclic and lateral spreading phases of loading were investigated. Parametric studies were carried out which varied the values of key parameters to identify their influence on pile response, and computed displacements and damages were compared with observations made in the field. It was shown that pseudo-static analysis was able to capture the characteristic damage mechanisms observed in the field, however the treatment of key parameters affecting pile response is of primary importance. Recommendations were made concerning the treatment of these governing parameters controlling pile response. In this way the future application of pseudo-static analysis as a tool for analysing and designing bridge pile foundations in liquefying and laterally spreading soils is enhanced.
Photograph number UC 11-0133-07
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Piles in the ground, waiting for the floors of temporary classrooms to be built on top, on the Ilam Oval.
Mark Lincoln Photograph 031
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Damage to a wharf in Lyttelton. The piles of the wharf are on a lean, as is the signal light.
BeckerFraserPhotos December 2011 photograph 1949
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Piles of silt on Flemington Avenue in North New Brighton, cleared from residents' gardens".
BeckerFraserPhotos October 2011 photograph 117
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Workers on a site in the central city with shipping containers around them, as well as piles of wood and rubble.
BeckerFraserPhotos December 2011 photograph 2347
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph of piles of liquefaction silt lining Atlantis Street in New Brighton. This part of the street is red zoned.
BeckerFraserPhotos October 2011 photograph 383
Images, UC QuakeStudies
The ground floor of the Central Library on Gloucester Street. Books have fallen off the shelves and are in piles in the aisles.
Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 630
Images, UC QuakeStudies
The road and footpath in a residential area are lined with piles of silt from liquefaction. A portaloo stands at the front of a house.
Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 1911
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Damage to a building on Colombo Street. It is surrounded by piles of brick and overgrown plants. Part of a graffitied wall is also visible.
Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 1910
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Damage to a building on Colombo Street. It is surrounded by piles of brick and overgrown plants. Part of a graffitied wall is also visible.
Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 1909
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Damage to a building on Colombo Street. It is surrounded by piles of brick and overgrown plants, and part of a graffitied wall is also visible.
Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 601
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A fence around a residential property where the side wall has collasped, exposing the interior structures and fixtures. Piles of building rubble are contained in the fencing.
QuakeStory Photo 399
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph submitted by Sarndra to the QuakeStories website. The description reads, "Piles of silt for removal, Niven Street, Avondale [red zone section]. Approx 29 February 2011.".
Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 631
Images, UC QuakeStudies
The road and footpath in a residential area are lined with piles of silt from liquefaction. Recycling and rubbish bins waiting for collection can be seen down the footpath.
Photo 013
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Police tape cordons off large cracks in the road beside large piles of liquefaction dug from people's houses on a street in Avonside after the September 4th earthquake.
Umut Akguzel Photograph 221
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph of a partially-collapsed brick wall and piles of bricks in a car park on Armagh Street. Wooden bracing is supporting one side of the building.
WEMO ERT Set 1 - February 2011 - Photograph 71
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph of a block of earthquake-damaged shops on Colombo Street, between Gloucester and Armagh Streets. Piles of rubble from the shops lie on the street below.
BeckerFraserPhotos February 2012 photograph 0332
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Ground floor of the Holiday Inn. We could see piles of different types of materials sorted and bagged through the windows here".
Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 475
Images, UC QuakeStudies
The Cranmer Centre seen from across the street. A section of the roof has been covered, and piles of rubble that have been sorted can be seen behind the cordon fence.
Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 474
Images, UC QuakeStudies
The Cranmer Centre seen from across the street. A section of the roof has been covered, and piles of rubble that have been sorted can be seen inside the cordon fence.
Photograph by Jocelyn Kinghorn 204
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A damaged residential property has been cordoned off with tape, and in front are the words "stay out!' written on a board. Piles of brick can be seen around the house.
Jim Baltaxe WEMO Photograph 059
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph of piles of liquefaction on the side of Pages Road. Flooding in front of a driveway can be seen. Cordon fences are propped up against a fence.
Piles, bones and marbles: what was under the Godleys’ house?
Articles, Christchurch uncovered
Way back in the winter of 2012, at the height of the post-earthquake demolition, I was pretty excited to learn we were going to get the chance to investigate the site of John and Charlotte Godley’s house in Lyttelton. John … Continue reading →
Christchurch Press Image: Kirk Hargreaves 2011:02:10 13:35:31
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "David Palmer's Stewarts Gully house is ruined and he has no insurance. Liquefaction has sprung up everywhere and the house needs jacking up and new piles".
Jim Baltaxe WEMO Photograph 045
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph of a residential street in Christchurch. Piles of bricks have been stacked on the sides of the road. A caravan is parked on the footpath to the left.
Christchurch Press Image: Kirk Hargreaves 2011:02:10 13:33:03
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "David Palmer's Stewarts Gully house is ruined and he has no insurance. Liquefaction has sprung up everywhere and the house needs jacking up and new piles".
Umut Akguzel Photograph 404
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph of a block of badly-damaged buildings on Colombo Street. Piles of fallen bricks can be seen on the footpath and windows have been boarded up with plywood.
Bike Ride in the East Side - Photograph 08
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A crane sits beside the sewage treatment ponds in Bromley. In the distance can be seen large piles of liquefaction silt. The photographer comments, "Bromley sewage treatment ponds, under repair".
BeckerFraserPhotos February 2011 photograph 016
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A crane driving piles in for the foundations of the new New World supermarket in Kaiapoi. The old New World was demolished after being damaged in the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
Mark Lincoln Photograph 099
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A partially-demolished brick building has the word "red" painted on its wall. Liquefaction surrounds piles of bricks on the ground in front. The photographer comments, "I guess they ran out of red stickers".