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Images, UC QuakeStudies

A sign on Winchester Street in Lyttelton reading, "Lyttelton Union Parish Chapel. Minister: Rev. Andrew Donaldson - Ph 3267890. Sumner, Redcliffs, Lyttelton Union Church. Phone. Local Contact: Rev. Vilma Loader Ph 3288565. In chapel or church. Last Sunday of month see notice on chapel door".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

South Island Operations Manager, Jeoff Barr, loading chemical toilets into a unimog in Christchurch. CPL Eddington is on the unimog helping. The chemical toilets were delivered to residents in Christchurch who had been without water for ten days.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

South Island Operations Manager, Jeoff Barr, loading chemical toilets into a unimog in Christchurch. CPL Eddington is on the unimog helping. The chemical toilets were delivered to residents in Christchurch who had been without water for ten days.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

South Island Operations Manager, Jeoff Barr, loading chemical toilets into a unimog in Christchurch. CPL Eddington is on the unimog helping. The chemical toilets were delivered to residents in Christchurch who had been without water for ten days.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Close up of the cranes working on the Clarendon Tower. Big Red behind is now the crane in Christchurch capable of lifting the largest load. The yellow crane is a tower crane which is still being assembled".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

South Island Operations Manager, Jeoff Barr, loading chemical toilets into a unimog in Christchurch. PTE Taylor and PTE Dennis on the unimog help. The chemical toilets were delivered to residents in Christchurch who had been without water for ten days.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

South Island Operations Manager, Jeoff Barr, loading chemical toilets into a unimog in Christchurch. PTE Taylor and PTE Dennis on the unimog help. The chemical toilets were delivered to residents in Christchurch who had been without water for ten days.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

South Island Operations Manager, Jeoff Barr, loading chemical toilets into a unimog in Christchurch. PTE Taylor and PTE Dennis on the unimog help. The chemical toilets were delivered to residents in Christchurch who had been without water for ten days.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

South Island Operations Manager, Jeoff Barr, loading chemical toilets into a unimog in Christchurch. CPL Eddington and PTE Heketa are on the unimog helping. The chemical toilets were delivered to residents in Christchurch who had been without water for ten days.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

South Island Operations Manager, Jeoff Barr, loading chemical toilets into a unimog in Christchurch. PTE Taylor and PTE Dennis on the unimog help. The chemical toilets were delivered to residents in Christchurch who had been without water for ten days.

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

During the Christchurch earthquake of February 2011, several midrise buildings of Reinforced Concrete Masonry (RCM) construction achieved performance levels in the range of life safety to near collapse levels. These buildings were subjected to seismic demands higher than the building code requirements of the time and higher than the current New Zealand Loadings Standard (NZS-1170.5:2004). Structural damage to these buildings has been documented and is currently being studied to establish lessons to be learned from their performance and how to incorporate these lessons into future RCM design and construction practices. This paper presents a case study of a six story RCM building deemed to have reached the near collapse performance level. The RCM walls on the 2nd floor failed due to toe crushing reducing the building’s lateral resistance in the east-west direction. A nonlinear dynamic analysis on a 3D model was conducted to simulate the development of the governing failure mechanism. Preliminary analysis results show that the damaged walls were initially under large compression forces from gravity loads which caused increase in their lateral strength and reduced their ductility. After toe crushing failure developed, axial instability of the model was prevented by a redistribution of gravity loads.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

An image from a Army News March 2011 article titled, "Transport". The image shows South Island Operations Manager, Jeoff Barr, loading chemical toilets into a Unimog in Christchurch. The chemical toilets were delivered to residents in Christchurch who had been without water for ten days.

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

Reinforced concrete buildings that satisfied modern seismic design criteria generally behaved as expected during the recent Canterbury and Kaikoura earthquakes in New Zealand, forming plastic hinges in intended locations. While this meant that life-safety performance objectives were met, widespread demolition and heavy economic losses took place in the aftermath of the earthquakes.The Christchurch central business district was particularly hard hit, with over 60% of the multistorey reinforced concrete buildings being demolished. A lack of knowledge on the post-earthquake residual capacity of reinforced concrete buildings was a contributing factor to the mass demolition.Many aspects related to the assessment of earthquake-damaged reinforced concrete buildings require further research. This thesis focusses on improving the state of knowledge on the post earthquakeresidual capacity and reparability of moderately damaged plastic hinges, with an emphasis on plastic hinges typical of modern moment frame structures. The repair method focussed on is epoxy injection of cracks and patching of spalled concrete. A targeted test program on seventeen nominally identical large-scale ductile reinforced concrete beams, three of which were repaired by epoxy injection following initial damaging loadings, was conducted to support these objectives. Test variables included the loading protocol, the loading rate, and the level of restraint to axial elongation.The information that can be gleaned from post-earthquake damage surveys is investigated. It is shown that residual crack widths are dependent on residual deformations, and are not necessarily indicative of the maximum rotation demands or the plastic hinge residual capacity. The implications of various other types of damage typical of beam and column plastic hinges are also discussed.Experimental data are used to demonstrate that the strength and deformation capacity of plastic hinges with modern seismic detailing are often unreduced as a result of moderate earthquake induced damage, albeit with certain exceptions. Special attention is given to the effects of prior yielding of the longitudinal reinforcement, accounting for the low-cycle fatigue and strain ageing phenomena. A material-level testing program on the low-cycle fatigue behaviour of grade 300E reinforcing steel was conducted to supplement the data available in the literature.A reduction in stiffness, relative to the initial secant stiffness to yield, occurs due to moderate plastic hinging damage. This reduction in stiffness is shown to be correlated with the ductility demand,and a proposed model gives a conservative lower-bound estimate of the residual stiffness following an arbitrary earthquake-type loading. Repair by epoxy injection is shown to be effective in restoring the majority of stiffness to plastic hinges in beams. Epoxy injection is also shown to have implications for the residual strength and elongation characteristics of repaired plastic hinges.

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

This thesis investigates life-safety risk in earthquakes. The first component of the thesis utilises a dataset of earthquake injuries and deaths from recent earthquakes in New Zealand to identify cause, context, and risk factors of injury and death in the 2011 MW6.3 Christchurch earthquake and 2016 MW7.8 Kaikōura earthquake. Results show that nearly all deaths occurred from being hit by structural elements from buildings, while most injuries were caused by falls, strains and being hit by contents or non-structural elements. Statistical analysis of injured cases compared to an uninjured control group found that age, gender, building damage, shaking intensity, and behaviour during shaking were the most significant risk factors for injury during these earthquakes. The second part of the thesis uses the empirical findings from the first section to develop two tools for managing life-safety risk in earthquakes. The first tool is a casualty estimation model for health system and emergency response planning. An existing casualty model used in New Zealand was validated against observed data from the 2011 Christchurch earthquake and found to underestimate moderate and severe injuries by an order of magnitude. The model was then updated to include human behaviour such as protective actions, falls and strain type injuries that are dependent on shaking intensity, as well as injuries and deaths outside buildings. These improvements resulted in a closer fit to observed casualties for the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. The second tool that was developed is a framework to set seismic loading standards for design based on fatality risk targets. The proposed framework extends the risk-targeted hazard method, by moving beyond collapse risk targets, to fatality risk targets for individuals in buildings and societal risk in cities. The framework also includes treatment of epistemic uncertainty in seismic hazard to allow this uncertainty to be used in risk-based decision making. The framework is demonstrated by showing how the current New Zealand loading standards could be revised to achieve uniform life-safety risk across the country and how the introduction of a new loading factor can reduce risk aggregation in cities. Not on Alma, moved and emailed. 1/02/2023 ce