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These were scattered across the park.
It would have been a glorious Spring day in Christchurch had it not been for the magnitude 7.1 earthquake at 4:30 am. All the water and silt you can see covering the street in this photo erupted from the ground following the earthquake.
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Volcano holes. Small volcano-shaped mounds indicate the force of water being pushed out by the earth's movement".
The earthquake knocked over the bird bath.
A sand volcano in the Halswell Primary School grounds near the playground. Sand volcanoes were caused by liquefaction where the soil loses its strength during the earthquake and the silt rises upwards, ejecting out of a hole like magma in a volcano.
A "sand volcano" of liquefaction silt.
Mini silt volcanoes in their back yard.
This has made a huge mess for the residents to clean up. I heard on the news that homes have been damaged by subsidence in areas of earthquake-caused liquefaction like this.
A photograph of liquefaction volcanos in a garden.
A photograph of liquefaction volcanos in a garden.
Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.
Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.
Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the turf and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.
Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.
Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.
Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.
Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.
Sand volcanoes put the silt all over the road.
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Sand volcanos on farmland near Halswell".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Sand volcanos on farmland near Halswell".
One of the many sand volcanos erupting from the ground after the Christchurch earthquake.
Large cracks in the playing field in Porrit Park are surrounded by "volcanoes" of liquefaction silt.
A large crack in the playing field in Porrit Park is surrounded by "volcanoes" of liquefaction silt.
A photograph of the remains of a large sand volcano on a farm near River Road in Lincoln.
A photograph of the remains of a large sand volcano on a farm near River Road in Lincoln.
Laura and Max return to Christchurch from their holiday in California and inspect the earthquake-caused sand volcano in their front lawn.
Among the deformation features produced in Christchurch by the September 4th Darfield Earthquake were numerous and widespread “sand volcanoes”. Most of these structures occurred in urban settings and “erupted” through a hardened surface of concrete or tarseal, or soil. Sand volcanoes were also widespread in the Avon‐ Heathcote Estuary and offered an excellent opportunity to readily examine shallow subsurface profiles and as such the potential appearance of such structures in the rock record.
A photograph of a liquefaction volcano in a garden. A pen has been placed on the mound as a size reference.
A photograph of a liquefaction volcano in a garden. A pen has been placed on the mound as a size reference.