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Images, eqnz.chch.2010

It would have been a glorious Spring day in Christchurch had it not been for the magnitude 7.1 earthquake at 4:30 am. All the water and silt you can see covering the street in this photo erupted from the ground following the earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the turf and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

Among the deformation features produced in Christchurch by the September 4th Darfield Earthquake were numerous and widespread “sand volcanoes”. Most of these structures occurred in urban settings and “erupted” through a hardened surface of concrete or tarseal, or soil. Sand volcanoes were also widespread in the Avon‐ Heathcote Estuary and offered an excellent opportunity to readily examine shallow subsurface profiles and as such the potential appearance of such structures in the rock record.