Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Aerial view of the centre of the city, with the cathedral in the centre, and the art gallery in the foreground".
An aerial photograph of the Christchurch central city. The photograph has been captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Central city blocks bounded by Colombo Street, Hereford Street, Cashel Street and High Streets".
A photograph taken from the top of the BNZ building. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "A group of people on top of the Millennium Hotel with the Pacific tower to the left of the photo".
An aerial photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Worcester Street from Latimer Square to the Christ Church Cathedral".
An aerial photograph of Cathedral Square.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "CBD. Looking north along Manchester Street".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "View centered on the Millennium Hotel in Cathedral Square".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "CBD. Looking north between Colombo and Manchester Streets".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Looking south between Madras and Manchester Streets. Latimer Square is at the lower left".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "CBD from Armagh Street to Cashel Street with the cathedral in the centre".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The city blocks encompassed by Manchester Street, Gloucester Street, Latimer Square and Hereford Street are amongst those with the most demolished buildings in the city centre at the moment".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Work to restore and earthquake-strengthen the badly damaged historic St Paul's Trinity Pacific Presbyterian Church on Cashel Street has begun after resource consents were granted by the Christchurch City Council, and a preferred contractor was selected recently. Site manager Mike McKee (left) and leading hand, Iain Piper, look over the work to be done in the towers".
An aerial photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Central city blocks bounded by Colombo Street, Hereford Street, Cashel Street, and High Streets".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The city blocks encompassed by Manchester, Gloucester, Latimer Square and Hereford Streets are amongst those with the most demolished buildings in the city centre at the moment".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Central city with the cathedral at the bottom right and the Hotel Grand Chancellor, Westpac Building and Holiday Inn clustered in the bottom right".
An aerial photograph of Cathedral Square. Captions added by BeckerFraserPhotos identify the demolition sites of key buildings.
An aerial photograph of the Christchurch CBD. The photograph has been captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "This photograph shows the many tall CBD buildings, with the Hotel Grand Chancellor under demolition in the centre of the photograph. The street in the foreground running up the photograph from left to right is Lichfield Street with the old Bus Exchange clearly visible".
Recently developed performance-based earthquake engineering framework, such as one provided by PEER (Deierlein et al. 2003), assist in the quantification in terms of performance such as casualty, monetary losses and downtime. This opens up the opportunity to identify cost-effective retrofit/rehabilitation strategies by comparing upfront costs associated with retrofit with the repair costs that can be expected over time. This loss assessment can be strengthened by learning from recent earthquakes, such as the 2010 Canterbury and 2016 Kaikoura earthquakes. In order to investigate which types of retrofit/rehabilitation strategies may be most cost-effective, a case study building was chosen for this research. The Pacific Tower, a 22-storey EBF apartment located within the Christchurch central business district (CBD), was damaged and repaired during the 2010 Canterbury earthquake series. As such, by taking hazard levels accordingly (i.e. to correspond to the Christchurch CBD), modelling and analysing the structure, and considering the vulnerability and repair costs of its different components, it is possible to predict the expected losses of the aforementioned building. Using this information, cost-effective retrofit/rehabilitation strategy can be determined. This research found that more often than not, it would be beneficial to improve the performance of valuable non-structural components, such as partitions. Although it is true that improving such elements will increase the initial costs, over time, the benefits gained from reduced losses should be expected to overcome the initial costs. Aftershocks do increase the predicted losses of a building even in lower intensities due to the fact that non-structural components can get damaged at such low intensities. By comparing losses computed with and without consideration of aftershocks for a range of historical earthquakes, it was found that the ratio between losses due to main shock with aftershocks to the losses due to the main shock only tended to increase with increasing main shock magnitude. This may be due to the fact that larger magnitude earthquakes tend to generate larger magnitude aftershocks and as those aftershocks happen within a region around the main shock, they are more likely to cause intense shaking and additional damage. In addition to this observation, it was observed that the most significant component of loss of the case study building was the non-structural partition walls.