Sand volcanoes" in the Heathcote Estuary. The volcanoes were caused by liquefaction, where the soil lost its strength and water erupted out of the hole, taking silt with it.
Sand volcanoes" in the Heathcote Estuary. The volcanoes were caused by liquefaction, where the soil lost its strength and water erupted out of the hole, taking silt with it.
A "sand volcano" in the Heathcote Estuary. The volcano was caused by liquefaction, where the soil lost its strength and water erupted out of the hole, taking silt with it.
Sand volcanoes" in the Heathcote Estuary. The volcanoes were caused by liquefaction, where the soil lost its strength and water erupted out of the hole, taking silt with it.
A photograph of a cyclist and car on the McCormacks Bay causeway.
A photograph of liquefaction mounds in the Heathcote Avon Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction mounds in the Heathcote Avon Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction mounds in the Heathcote Avon Estuary.
A photograph of liquefaction mounds in the Heathcote Avon Estuary.
Paradise ducks search for food among 'sand volcanoes' in the Heathcote Estuary. The volcanoes were caused by liquefaction where the soil lost its strength and water erupted out of the hole, taking silt with it.
A thick layer of liquefaction silt in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary.
A photograph of cars on the McCormacks Bay causeway.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Avonside looking towards the Heathcote Estuary".
A photograph of the Heathcote-Avon Estuary. A sign warns of contaminated water due to sewage overflows.
A photograph of the Heathcote-Avon Estuary. A sign warns of contaminated water due to sewage overflows.
A photograph of a sign giving information about consultation on the Avon Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Master Plan.
A photograph of a sign giving information about consultation on the Avon Heathcote Estuary Ihutai Master Plan.
Students from the University of Canterbury marine research unit taking samples of the seabed to test the effects of the liquefaction on marine life.
A photograph of Sumner and the Avon-Heathcote estuary taken prior to the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Shag Rock is visible near the centre of the photograph.
A photograph of Sumner and the Avon-Heathcote estuary taken prior to the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Shag Rock is visible near the centre of the photograph.
A photograph of Sumner beach and the Avon-Heathcote estuary taken prior to the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Shag Rock is visible at the left of the photograph.
A photograph of Sumner beach and the Avon-Heathcote estuary taken prior to the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Shag Rock is visible to the left of the photograph.
Predictive modelling provides an efficient means to analyse the coastal environment and generate knowledge for long term urban planning. In this study, the numerical models SWAN and XBeach were incorporated into the ESRI ArcGIS interface by means of the BeachMMtool. This was applied to the Greater Christchurch coastal environment to simulate geomorphological evolution through hydrodynamic forcing. Simulations were performed using the recent sea level rise predictions by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2013) to determine whether the statutory requirements outlined in the New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement 2010 are consistent with central, regional and district designations. Our results indicate that current land use zoning in Greater Christchurch is not consistent with these predictions. This is because coastal hazard risk has not been thoroughly quantified during the process of installing the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority residential red zone. However, the Christchurch City Council’s flood management area does provide an extent to which managed coastal retreat is a real option. The results of this research suggest that progradation will continue to occur along the Christchurch foreshore due to the net sediment flux retaining an onshore direction and the current hydrodynamic activity not being strong enough to move sediment offshore. However, inundation during periods of storm surge poses a risk to human habitation on low lying areas around the Avon-Heathcote Estuary and the Brooklands lagoon.
Predictive modelling provides an efficient means to analyse the coastal environment and generate knowledge for long term urban planning. In this study, the numerical models SWAN and XBeach were incorporated into the ESRI ArcGIS interface by means of the BeachMMtool. This was applied to the Greater Christchurch coastal environment to simulate geomorphological evolution through hydrodynamic forcing. Simulations were performed using the recent sea level rise predictions by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2013) to determine whether the statutory requirements outlined in the New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement 2010 are consistent with central, regional and district designations. Our results indicate that current land use zoning in Greater Christchurch is not consistent with these predictions. This is because coastal hazard risk has not been thoroughly quantified during the process of installing the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority residential red zone. However, the Christchurch City Council’s flood management area does provide an extent to which managed coastal retreat is a real option. The results of this research suggest that progradation will continue to occur along the Christchurch foreshore due to the net sediment flux retaining an onshore direction and the current hydrodynamic activity not being strong enough to move sediment offshore. However, inundation during periods of storm surge poses a risk to human habitation on low lying areas around the Avon-Heathcote Estuary and the Brooklands lagoon.