A photograph of University of Canterbury Geology students using ground penetrating radar equipment to survey land on the Greendale fault line. From left: Matt Cockcroft, Zach Whitman and Dewiyani Bealing.
A photograph of University of Canterbury Geology students using ground penetrating radar equipment to survey land on the Greendale fault line. From left: Matt Cockcroft, Zach Whitman and Dewiyani Bealing.
A photograph of University of Canterbury Geology students using ground penetrating radar equipment to survey land on the Greendale fault line. From left: Matt Cockcroft, Zach Whitman and Dewiyani Bealing.
A photograph of University of Canterbury Geology staff and students using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to survey land on the Greendale fault line. From left: Thomas Wilson, Zach Whitman and Matt Cockcroft.
A photograph of University of Canterbury Geology staff and students using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to survey land on the Greendale faultline. From left: Thomas Wilson, Dewiyani Bealing, Zach Whitman and Matt Cockcroft.
A photograph of an excavator on the side of a road in Canterbury. This stretch of road is near the Greendale fault line which caused the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
At Greendale Faultline on Highfield Road in mid-Canterbury, where the magnitude 7.1 earthquake on 4 September 2010 originated.
At Greendale Faultline on Highfield Road in mid-Canterbury, where the magnitude 7.1 earthquake on 4 September 2010 originated.
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Quake damage to farms near the quake centre at Greendale. Damaged grain silos".
At Greendale Faultline on Highfield Road in mid-Canterbury, where the magnitude 7.1 earthquake on 4 September 2010 originated.
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Quake damage to farms near the quake centre at Greendale. Chris Black from FMG with damaged grain silos".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Quake damage to farms near the quake centre at Greendale. Murray Rowlands from Federated Farmers with damaged water pipes".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Quake recovery: Lessons have been put aside for the day so Greendale School pupils can have a bit of fun".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Quake damage to farms near the quake centre at Greendale. University of Canterbury scientists at work on the hill that was created by the quake".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Quake damage to farms near the quake centre at Greendale. University of Canterbury scientists at work on the hill that was created by the quake".
This originally straight farm fence has been laterally displaced at least 2 metres where it crosses the previously unknown Greendale Faultline from which the Saturday 4 September 2010 earthquake originated.
A photograph of volunteers from the Wellington Emergency Management Office taking photographs of the lateral shifting and cracks in a road after the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "George Ridgen (8) and his second cousin Amelia Ridgen (6), pupils at Greendale School, with a book 'The Octopus Tree', copies of which were donated by Boulcott School in Wellington after the earthquake".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "George Ridgen (8) and his second cousin Amelia Ridgen (6), pupils at Greendale School, with a book 'The Octopus Tree', copies of which were donated by Boulcott School in Wellington after the earthquake".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Prime Minister John Key on his visit to Kaiapoi and Hororata to meet people badly affected and see the damage from the earthquake. Talking to Michael Oakley, a potato farmer in Greendale, near Hororata".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Prime Minister John Key on his visit to Kaiapoi and Hororata to meet people badly affected and see the damage from the earthquake. Talking to Michael Oakley, a potato farmer in Greendale, near Hororata".
A report by Thomas Wilson, Zach Whitman, Matt Cockcroft, Mike Finnemore, Peter Almond, Derrick Moot, et al on various remediation techniques for farms on the Greendale fault scarp. The purpose of the report was to brief the Rural Recovery Group on 20 September 2010.
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Prime Minister John Key on his visit to Kaiapoi and Hororata to meet people badly affected and see the damage from the earthquake. John Key inspects a silo that was knocked over, spilling grain on a farm in Greendale, near Hororata".
A report by Thomas Wilson, Peter Almond, Derrick Moot, Zach Whitman, Rose Turnbull, et al summarising a reconnaissance survey of farms on the Greendale fault. The purpose of the report was to inform farm and societal recovery. It was presented at a Rural Recovery Group meeting on 13 September 2010.
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Prime Minister John Key on his visit to Kaiapoi and Hororata to meet people badly affected and see the damage from the earthquake. Surveying Michael Oakley's knocked-over bins full of potatoes on his farm in Greendale, near Hororata, that suffered a lot of damage to produce".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "John Key on his visit to Kaiapoi and Hororata, to meet badly-affected people and see the damage from the earthquake. Michael Oakley's shed full of potatoes has been knocked over on his farm in Greendale, near Hororata, that suffered a lot of damaged produce".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Prime Minister John Key on his visit to Kaiapoi and Hororata to meet people badly affected and see the damage from the earthquake. Talking to the media in Michael Oakley's shed. All his potato bins have been knocked over on his farm in Greendale, near Hororata".
A team of earthquake geologists, seismologists and engineering seismologists from GNS Science, NIWA, University of Canterbury, and Victoria University of Wellington have collectively produced an update of the 2002 national probabilistic seismic hazard (PSH) model for New Zealand. The new model incorporates over 200 new onshore and offshore fault sources, and utilises newly developed New Zealand-based scaling relationships and methods for the parameterisation of the fault and subduction interface sources. The background seismicity model has also been updated to include new seismicity data, a new seismicity regionalisation, and improved methodology for calculation of the seismicity parameters. Background seismicity models allow for the occurrence of earthquakes away from the known fault sources, and are typically modelled as a grid of earthquake sources with rate parameters assigned from the historical seismicity catalogue. The Greendale Fault, which ruptured during the M7.1, 4 September 2010 Darfield earthquake, was unknown prior to the earthquake. However, the earthquake was to some extent accounted for in the PSH model. The maximum magnitude assumed in the background seismicity model for the area of the earthquake is 7.2 (larger than the Darfield event), but the location and geometry of the fault are not represented. Deaggregations of the PSH model for Christchurch at return periods of 500 years and above show that M7-7.5 fault and background source-derived earthquakes at distances less than 40 km are important contributors to the hazard. Therefore, earthquakes similar to the Darfield event feature prominently in the PSH model, even though the Greendale Fault was not an explicit model input.