Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Concrete munching jaws in Madras Street".
A photograph of the earthquake damage to a building in central Christchurch. The basement of the building has collapsed and the concrete blocks have broken away from each other. The left corner of the building has also suffered damage, with many of the concrete blocks shaking loose.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "A concrete crusher with workmen salvaging reinforcing steel from the debris, Hereford Street".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "New construction, Victoria Street".
A photograph of members of the New Zealand Army deconstructing a concrete block wall.
A photograph of exposed steel and concrete from the partially-demolished Art Gallery Apartments building on Gloucester Street.
A large crack in the concrete floor slab of a building in Barbadoes Street. The photographer comments, "This is a picture of the cracked concrete floor in a shop in the Christchurch CBD. I have a similar crack in my home, but I have not lifted the carpet to look".
A photograph of rubble piled up in a car park in the Christchurch central city. Several flights of concrete stairs can be seen.
A concrete water tank in Hororata. The top half has moved off the pillars and is resting precariously against a tree.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the windows of the Concrete Club on Manchester Street.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the windows of the Concrete Club on Manchester Street.
An exposed concrete wall.
An exposed concrete wall.
Following the recent earthquakes in Chile (2010) and New Zealand (2010/2011), peculiar failure modes were observed in Reinforced Concrete (RC) walls. These observations have raised a global concern on the contribution of bi-directional loading to these failure mechanisms. One of the failure modes that could potentially result from bidirectional excitations is out-of-plane shear failure. In this paper an overview of the recent experimental and numerical findings regarding out-of-plane shear failure in RC walls are presented. The numerical study presents the Finite Element (FE) simulation of wall D5-6 from the Grand Chancellor Hotel that failed in shear in the out-of-plane direction in the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. The main objective of the numerical study was to investigate the reasons for this failure mode. The experimental campaign includes the recent experiments conducted in the Structural Engineering Laboratory of the University of Canterbury. The experimental study included three rectangular slender RC walls designed based on NZS3101: 2006-A3 (2017) for three different ductility levels, namely: nominally ductile, limited ductile and ductile. The numerical results showed that high axial load combined with bi-directional loading caused the out-of-plane shear failure in wall D5-6 from the Grand Chancellor Hotel. This was also confirmed and further investigated in the experimental phase of the study.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "A concrete muncher on High Street looking towards Colombo Street".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Concrete muncher".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Gas bottles with concrete muncher behind, Armagh Street".
A photograph of members of the New Zealand Army demolishing a concrete block fence on a property in Christchurch.
Damage to a house in Richmond. Part of a concrete patio has slumped, leaving large cracks between slabs. The photographer comments, "Cracking in the concrete patio".
A power pole on a lean is anchored by a large concrete block. The photographer comments, "Do these concrete weights really prevent poles from falling over?
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Digger grasping a concrete beam while demolishing the former Druids Building, 239 Manchester Street".
Damage to a house in Richmond. Part of a concrete patio has slumped, leaving large cracks. The photographer comments, "The concrete patio is broken into big slabs".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Demolition site of the Allan McLean building, on the corner of Colombo Street and Oxford Terrace. The PricewaterhouseCoopers building is behind. The green digger is feeding the yellow concrete muncher while the red digger redistributes the munched up concrete".
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the concrete beams in a room in the PricewaterhouseCoopers Building. Sections of the concrete have crumbled to reveal the steel reinforcement underneath. A number of the ceiling panels are missing and another is hanging loose. Some of the bars that hold the ceiling panels are also hanging loose.
A photograph of workers anchoring a frame with large concrete blocks in Re:START mall. The frame is for Canterbury Tales, the main event of FESTA 2013.
A photograph of Argosy House on Victoria Street with concrete blocks stacked in front. Scaffolding has been constructed on the footpath in front.
A photograph of a man and a child laying concrete at the site of the Gap Filler Community Chess project.
A major lesson from the 2011 Christchurch earthquake was the apparent lack of ductility of some lightly reinforced concrete (RC) wall structures. In particular, the structural behaviour of the critical wall in the Gallery Apartments building demonstrated that the inelastic deformation capacity of a structure, as well as potentially brittle failure of the reinforcement, is dependent on the level of bond deterioration between reinforcement and surrounding concrete that occurs under seismic loading. This paper presents the findings of an experimental study on bond behaviour between deformed reinforcing bars and the surrounding concrete. Bond strength and relative bond slip was evaluated using 75 pull-out tests under monotonic and cyclic loading. Variations of the experiments include the loading rate, loading history, concrete strength (25 to 70 MPa), concrete age, cover thickness, bar diameter (16 and 20 mm), embedded length, and the position of the embedded bond region within the specimen (deep within or close to free surface). Select test results are presented with inferred implications for RC structures.
A photograph of a flight of concrete stairs salvaged from a building and placed in a car park in the Christchurch central city. Steel reinforcement can be seen sticking out of the concrete.
The Royal Commission investigating the Canterbury earthquakes has heard that the premises where a man was killed by a falling concrete wall was not inspected by structural engineers between the September and February quakes.