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Research papers, Lincoln University

Tree mortality is a fundamental process governing forest dynamics, but understanding tree mortality patterns is challenging because large, long-term datasets are required. Describing size-specific mortality patterns can be especially difficult, due to few trees in larger size classes. We used permanent plot data from Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (mountain beech) forest on the eastern slopes of the Southern Alps, New Zealand, where the fates of trees on 250 plots of 0.04 ha were followed, to examine: (1) patterns of size-specific mortality over three consecutive periods spanning 30 years, each characterised by different disturbance, and (2) the strength and direction of neighbourhood crowding effects on sizespecific mortality rates. We found that the size-specific mortality function was U-shaped over the 30-year period as well as within two shorter periods characterised by small-scale pinhole beetle and windthrow disturbance. During a third period, characterised by earthquake disturbance, tree mortality was less size dependent. Small trees (,20 cm in diameter) were more likely to die, in all three periods, if surrounded by a high basal area of larger neighbours, suggesting that sizeasymmetric competition for light was a major cause of mortality. In contrast, large trees ($20 cm in diameter) were more likely to die in the first period if they had few neighbours, indicating that positive crowding effects were sometimes important for survival of large trees. Overall our results suggest that temporal variability in size-specific mortality patterns, and positive interactions between large trees, may sometimes need to be incorporated into models of forest dynamics.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A view of part of the former Canterbury Public Library complex after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. On the left the 1870s section is visible. It has been red-stickered and the ground around it has been spray painted with the words, "Danger, wall". The building on the right is the former Librarian's House, which was built in 1894. It has been enclosed in a safety fence, and a section of masonry from its gable has collapsed. Containers have been stacked between the buildings to reinforce their walls.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A view down Sumner Road in Lyttelton with the former Lyttelton Public Library building to the left and the former Lyttelton Fire Station building to the right. Masonry has collapsed from both buildings and wire fencing has been placed around their bases as cordons.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A view across Oxford Street in Lyttelton to the former Lyttelton Public Library, cordoned off with wire fencing. Masonry from the top of the building has collapsed onto the footpath. The former Lyttelton Fire Station building can be seen to the right.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A sign on the Kaiapoi Public Library and District Council Centre explaining that the temporary library and service centre has relocated. The sign reads "We have moved. The temporary library has moved to the Swim Club rooms beside the Kaiapoi Aquatic Centre corner of Cass and Davie Streets opposite Danley Square. The Kaiapoi Service Centre has move to the Kaiapoi Community Centre, 24 Sewell Street. Waiamakariri District Council.