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Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0138 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0144 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0122 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0114 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0115 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0147 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0119 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0148 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0141 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0150 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0132 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0135 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0123 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0146 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0127 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0128 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0117 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0116 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 16 at the official re-opening ceremony following the February 22 earthquake. Cake was served, and Greg Malcolm entertained. File reference: CCL-2011-04-16-Lyttelton-Library-re-opening-P1110831 From the collection of Christchurch City Lib...

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0120 From the collection of

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Lyttelton on April 15 showing the demolition of the Volcano Cafe, the Lava Bar, Lyttelton Fisheries and the coastal living design store following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-15-London-Street-Demolition-IMG_0125 From the collection of

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

Tsunami events including the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami confirmed the need for Pacific-wide comprehensive risk mitigation and effective tsunami evacuation planning. New Zealand is highly exposed to tsunamis and continues to invest in tsunami risk awareness, readiness and response across the emergency management and science sectors. Evacuation is a vital risk reduction strategy for preventing tsunami casualties. Understanding how people respond to warnings and natural cues is an important element to improving evacuation modelling techniques. The relative rarity of tsunami events locally in Canterbury and also globally, means there is limited knowledge on tsunami evacuation behaviour, and tsunami evacuation planning has been largely informed by hurricane evacuations. This research aims to address this gap by analysing evacuation behaviour and movements of Kaikōura and Southshore/New Brighton (coastal suburb of Christchurch) residents following the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake. Stage 1 of the research is engaging with both these communities and relevant hazard management agencies, using a survey and community workshops to understand real-event evacuation behaviour during the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake and subsequent tsunami evacuations. The second stage is using the findings from stage 1 to inform an agent-based tsunami evacuation model, which is an approach that simulates of the movement of people during an evacuation response. This method improves on other evacuation modelling approaches to estimate evacuation times due to better representation of local population characteristics. The information provided by the communities will inform rules and interactions such as traffic congestion, evacuation delay times and routes taken to develop realistic tsunami evacuation models. This will allow emergency managers to more effectively prepare communities for future tsunami events, and will highlight recommended actions to increase the safety and efficiency of future tsunami evacuations.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

The use of post-earthquake cordons as a tool to support emergency managers after an event has been documented around the world. However, there is limited research that attempts to understand the use, effectiveness, inherent complexities, impacts and subsequent consequences of cordoning once applied. This research aims to fill that gap by providing a detailed understanding of first, the cordons and associated processes, and their implications in a post-earthquake scenario. We use a qualitative method to understand cordons through case studies of two cities where it was used in different temporal and spatial scales: Christchurch (2011) and Wellington (Kaikōura earthquake 2016), New Zealand. Data was collected through 21 expert interviews obtained through purposive and snowball sampling of key informants who were directly or indirectly involved in a decision-making role and/or had influence in relation to the cordoning process. The participants were from varying backgrounds and roles i.e. emergency managers, council members, business representatives, insurance representatives, police and communication managers. The data was transcribed, coded in Nvivo and then grouped based on underlying themes and concepts and then analyzed inductively. It is found that cordons are used primarily as a tool to control access for the purpose of life safety and security. But cordons can also be adapted to support recovery. Broadly, it can be synthesized and viewed based on two key aspects, ‘decision-making’ and ‘operations and management’, which overlap and interact as part of a complex system. The underlying complexity arises in large part due to the multitude of sectors it transcends such as housing, socio-cultural requirements, economics, law, governance, insurance, evacuation, available resources etc. The complexity further increases as the duration of cordon is extended.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

The Canterbury earthquakes resulted in numerous changes to the waterways of Ōtautahi Christchurch. These included bank destabilisation, liquefaction effects, changes in bed levels, and associated effects on flow regimes and inundation levels. This study set out to determine if these effects had altered the location and pattern of sites utilised by īnanga (Galaxias maculatus) for spawning, which are typically restricted to very specific locations in upper estuarine areas. Extensive surveys were carried out in the Heathcote/Ōpāwaho and Avon/Ōtākaro catchments over the four peak months of the 2015 spawning season. New spawning sites were found in both rivers and analysis against pre-earthquake records identified that other significant changes have occurred. Major changes include the finding of many new spawning sites in the Heathcote/Ōpāwaho catchment. Sites now occur up to 1.5km further downstream than the previously reported limit and include the first records of spawning below the Woolston Cut. Spawning sites in the Avon/Ōtākaro catchment also occur in new locations. In the mainstem, sites now occur both upstream and downstream of all previously reported locations. A concentrated area of spawning was identified in Lake Kate Sheppard at a distinctly different location versus pre-quake records, and no spawning was found on the western shores. Spawning was also recorded for the first time in Anzac Creek, a nearby waterway connected to Lake Kate Sheppard via a series of culverts.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

Overview of SeisFinder SeisFinder is an open-source web service developed by QuakeCoRE and the University of Canterbury, focused on enabling the extraction of output data from computationally intensive earthquake resilience calculations. Currently, SeisFinder allows users to select historical or future events and retrieve ground motion simulation outputs for requested geographical locations. This data can be used as input for other resilience calculations, such as dynamic response history analysis. SeisFinder was developed using Django, a high-level python web framework, and uses a postgreSQL database. Because our large-scale computationally-intensive numerical ground motion simulations produce big data, the actual data is stored in file systems, while the metadata is stored in the database. The basic SeisFinder architecture is shown in Figure 1.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

In response to the February 2011 earthquake, Parliament enacted the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Act. This emergency legislation provided the executive with extreme powers that extended well beyond the initial emergency response and into the recovery phase. Although New Zealand has the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002, it was unable to cope with the scale and intensity of the Canterbury earthquake sequence. Considering the well-known geological risk facing the Wellington region, this paper will consider whether a standalone “Disaster Recovery Act” should be established to separate an emergency and its response from the recovery phase. Currently, Government policy is to respond reactively to a disaster rather than proactively. In a major event, this typically involves the executive being given the ability to make rules, regulations and policy without the delay or oversight of normal legislative process. In the first part of this paper, I will canvas what a “Disaster Recovery Act” could prescribe and why there is a need to separate recovery from emergency. Secondly, I will consider the shortfalls in the current civil defence recovery framework which necessitates this kind of heavy governmental response after a disaster. In the final section, I will examine how

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The church of St Michaels and All Angels is undamaged after the two earthquakes. The pipe organ suffered significant but reparable damage. This church is now the only operational church within the city centre".