A photograph of a member of the Wellington Emergency Management Office organising supplies in Cowles Stadium on Pages Road. The stadium was set up as temporary accommodation for those displaced by the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Fisher's Building on the corner of High and Hereford Streets. Large sections of the top storey have collapsed, the masonry spilling onto the footpath and damaging the awning.
A photograph of a member of the New Zealand Army on the roof of an earthquake-damaged property in Christchurch. A tarpaulin has been placed over a hole in the roof caused by the collapsed chimney.
A photograph of a kitchen with food and drinks for the emergency management personnel at a temporary Civil Defence headquarters. The headquarters was set up at the Mainland Foundation Ballpark after the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Canterbury Provincial Chambers. The top section of the building has crumbled, the masonry spilling onto the footpath. Wire fencing has been placed around the building as a cordon.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Iconic bar on the corner of Manchester and Gloucester Streets. Large sections of the outer walls have collapsed, the bricks and other rubble spilling onto the footpath below.
A photograph of emergency management personnel standing in front of an earthquake-damaged house on Chester Street East. The bottom storey of the house has shifted so that it is now resting on a noticeable lean.
A photograph looking north up Manchester Street from the intersection of St Asaph Street. Many of the buildings to the left have been damaged by the earthquakes. The rubble has since been cleared from the street.
Damage to Dallington Discount Market on the corner of Gloucester Street and Woodham Road, the facade of which has collapsed during the 4 September 2010 earthquake. The building has been cordoned off with a safety fence.
Damage to Dallington Discount Market on the corner of Gloucester Street and Woodham Road, the facade of which has collapsed during the 4 September 2010 earthquake. The building has been cordoned off with a safety fence.
A photograph of an earthquake-damaged house on Marine Parade in North Brighton. The front section of the house has collapsed, the rest buckled. The wall of the gable has also collapsed as well as part of the lower front wall. A red sticker in the window indicates that the building is unsafe to enter. A message has been spray painted on the front window, reading, "Roof tiles, $3 each". Police tape has been used to cordon off the house. Public notices can be seen on the fence, on the roof of the collapsed section and the section behind.
Background and methodology The Mw 7.8, 14th November 2016 earthquake centred (item b, figure 1) in the Hurunui District of the South Island, New Zealand, damaged critical infrastructure across North Canterbury and Marlborough. We investigate the impacts to infrastructure and adaptations to the resulting service disruption in four small rural towns (figure 1): Culverden (a), Waiau (c), Ward (d) and Seddon (e). This is accomplished though literary research, interviews and geospatial analysis. Illustrating our methods, we have displayed here a Hurunui District hazard map (figure 2b) and select infrastructure inventories (figures 2a, 3).
A poster created by Empowered Christchurch to advertise their submission to the CERA Draft Transition Recovery Plan on social media.The poster reads, "Submission, CERA Draft Transition Recovery Plan. Seismic Risk. One thing we can learn from the past is that seismic risk in Canterbury has been underestimated before the earthquakes struck. This is confirmed in a report for EQC in 1991 (paper 2005). It is also the conclusion of the Royal Commission in the CTV report. A number of recommendations have been made but not followed. For example, neither the AS/NZS 1170.5 standard nor the New Zealand Geotechnical Society guidelines have been updated. Yet another recovery instrument is the Earthquake Prone Building Act, which is still to be passed by Parliament. As the emergency response part of the recovery is now behind us, we need to ensure sustainability for what lies ahead. We need a city that is driven by the people that live in it, and enabled by a bureaucracy that accepts and mitigates risks, rather than transferring them to the most vulnerable residents."
Earthquake-triggered soil liquefaction caused extensive damage and heavy economic losses in Christchurch during the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquakes. The most severe manifestations of liquefaction were associated with the presence of natural deposits of clean sands and silty sands of fluvial origin. However, liquefaction resistance of fines-containing sands is commonly inferred from empirical relationships based on clean sands (i.e. sands with less than 5% fines). Hence, existing evaluation methods have poor accuracy when applied to silty sands. The liquefaction behaviour of Christchurch fines-containing (silty) sands is investigated through a series of Direct Simple Shear (DSS) tests. This type of test better resembles earthquake loading conditions in soil deposits compared to cyclic triaxial tests. Soil specimens are reconstituted in the laboratory with the water sedimentation technique. This preparation method yields soil fabrics similar to those encountered in fluvial soil deposits, which are common in the Christchurch area. Test results provide preliminary indications on how void ratio, relative density, preparation method and fines content influence the cyclic liquefaction behaviour of sand-silt mixtures depending on the properties of host sand and silt.
The concept of geoparks was first introduced in the first international conference on geoparks held in China in 2004. Here in New Zealand, Kiwis are accustomed to national parks, land reserves, marine reserves, and urban cities and regional parks. The concept of these protected areas has been long-standing in the country, whereas the UNESCO concept of geoparks is still novel and yet to be established in New Zealand. In this dissertation, I explored the geopark concept for better understanding of its merits and examined the benefits of geotourism attractions as a sustainable economic development strategy to retrieve a declining rural economy. This research is focused on Kaikoura as a case study with geological significance, and emphasizes pre-earthquake existing geological heritages and new existing geological heritages post-earthquake to determine whether the geopark concept is appropriate and what planning framework is available to process this concept proposal should Kaikoura be interested in future.
Scaffolding covering the outer walls of the James Hight Building at the University of Canterbury. The photograph has been captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The repair work on the buildings at the University of Canterbury looks similar to the scenes in the CBD".
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "One of the many the tributes left on Colombo Street between St Asaph and Tuam Streets where 13 people died on 22 February 2011".
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "One of the many the tributes left on Colombo Street between St Asaph and Tuam Streets where 13 people died on 22 February 2011".
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "A passer-by looks at some of the many the tributes left on Colombo Street between St Asaph and Tuam Streets where 13 people died on 22 February 2011".
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "One of the many the tributes left on Colombo Street between St Asaph and Tuam Streets where 13 people died on 22 February 2011".
No progress has been made on clearing the debris from Blackwell's Department Store on Williams Street. During the earthquake, the top story of the building collapsed into the bottom, as well as the awning into the street.
An earthquake-damaged building on Ferry Road. A silver tarpaulin has been used to weather proof a section of the building where masonry has fallen away, and a safety fence has been erected at the building's base.
Cordon fencing around the Arts Centre on Worcester Boulevard. Men with hard hats and hi-vis vests are entering the building. Wooden bracing has been placed on the gable on the tower to limit further earthquake damage.
Bare patches of ground at Sullivan Park in Avonside. The bare patches mark where liquefaction covered the grass after the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Damage to the footpath and road on Galbraith Avenue can also be seen.
A house on Avonside Drive with cracks in its foundations and the interior wall of its porch as a result of the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Cracks can also be seen in the asphalt of its driveway.
The Edmonds Band Rotunda on the bank of the Avon River, Cambridge Terrace. The brickwork of the building has been damaged by the earthquake and wire fencing has been placed around the building to keep people away.
A photograph of the ChristChurch Cathedral showing the damage to the west wall and steel bracing. In the foreground is the plinth where a statue of John Robert Godley stood prior to the February 2011 earthquake.
A photograph of Mayor Bob Parker speaking on a phone in the restaurant and bar in the Christchurch Art Gallery. The Art Gallery served as the headquarters for the Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
A photograph of members of the Wellington Emergency Management Office Emergency Response Team standing on Lichfield Street, outside the Majestic Theatre. A pile of rubble from the earthquake-damaged buildings is on the street to their right.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to Kenton Chambers on Hereford Street. Large cracks have formed between the windows, the brick crumbling onto the footpath below. Steel fences have been placed around the building as a cordon.